护理专业本科生递进式创新创业课程体系的构建

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2023.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建适用于护理专业本科生的递进式创新创业课程体系。方法运用文献回顾法初步构建递进式的创新创业课程体系，包括基础课程（学校公共选修课）、实验课程（护理专业选修课）和实践课程（护理专业选修课），于一年级至三年级开展教学。其中，一年级主要培养创新创业基础知识和思维，二年级主要提供参赛项目指导和技能培训，三年级主要借助创新创业孵化实验室进行实践训练。采用德尔菲法选取13名具有创新创业大赛指导经验的教师和专家对课程体系的教学内容、课程权重、学时设置、考核方式进行2轮函询。结果 2轮专家函询回收率均为100%。2轮专家函询的肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.146和0.181（均P<0.05）。护理专业本科生创新创业课程体系：基础课程共9项内容，30学时；实验课程共17项内容，32学时；实践课程共9项内容，32学时。结论护理专业本科生递进式创新创业课程体系科学可靠，能够为今后培养护理创新人才提供借鉴。

关键词: 教育, 护理, 学士, 德尔菲技术, 创新创业, 课程体系

Abstract:

Objective To construct a progressive innovation and entrepreneurship course system that suitable for nursing undergraduates. Methods According to the ability requirements from easy to difficult，a progressive innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system was preliminarily constructed by using the literature review，including basic courses（school public elective courses），experimental courses（nursing professional elective courses） and practical courses（nursing professional elective courses）. These courses are carried out throughout the first grade to the third grade. Among them，the first grade mainly cultivates the basic knowledge and thinking of innovation and entrepreneurship，the second grade mainly provides guidance and skill training for participating projects，and the third grade mainly carries out practical training with the help of innovation and entrepreneurship incubation laboratory. Using the Delphi technique，13 teachers and experts with experience in guiding innovation and entrepreneurship competitions were selected to conduct two rounds of correspondence inquiries on the teaching content，course weight，class hours setting，and assessment methods of the course system. Results The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert letter inquiries were both 100%. The Kendall’s W coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.146 and 0.181 respectively（both P<0.05）. The constructed curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship for nursing undergraduates is as follows：basic course including 9 contents with 30 class hours；experimental course including 17 contents with 32 class hours；practical course including 9 contents with 32 class hours. Conclusion The constructed progressive innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system for nursing undergraduates is scientific and reliable，which can provide reference for training innovative nursing talents in the future.

Key words: Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Delphi Technique, Innovation and entrepreneurship, Curriculum system

黄宇星, 李妍, 刘宁, 石娅林, 黄羽. 护理专业本科生递进式创新创业课程体系的构建[J]. 中华护理教育, 2023, 20(4): 389-394.

HUANG Yuxing, LI Yan, LIU Ning, SHI Yalin, HUANG Yu. Research on the construction of progressive innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system for nursing undergraduates[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2023, 20(4): 389-394.

图/表 3

参考文献 16

[1]	国务院办公厅. 关于进一步支持大学生创新创业的指导意见[EB/OL]. (2021-09-22). http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/moe_1777/moe_1778/202110/t20211013_571909.html.
[2]	徐婷, 田谧, 刘睿, 等. 本科护生创新创业现状调查与分析[J]. 教育教学论坛, 2021(43):21-24.
	Xu T, Tian M, Liu R, et al. Investigation and analysis on current situation of innovation and entrepreneurship of nursing undergraduates[J]. Educ Teach Forum, 2021(43):21-24.
[3]	付梦雪, 张先庚. 国外创新创业教育在护理领域中的应用及启示[J]. 护理研究, 2020, 34(13):2339-2341.
	Fu MX, Zhang XG. Application and enlightenment of foreign innovation and entrepreneurship education in nursing field[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2020, 34(13):2339-2341.
[4]	刘卫东, 雷轶. 基于人才培养全过程的创新创业课程体系建设研究[J]. 国家教育行政学院学报, 2017(8):8-14.
	Liu WD, Lei Y. Innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system construction based on the whole process of talent training[J]. J Natl Acad Educ Adm, 2017(8):8-14.
[5]	王春枝, 斯琴. 德尔菲法中的数据统计处理方法及其应用研究[J]. 内蒙古财经学院学报(综合版), 2011, 9(4):92-96.
	Wang CZ, Si Q. A study of data statistical processing method of Delphi method and its application[J]. J Inn Mong Finance Econ Coll, 2011, 9(4):92-96.
[6]	Gottems LB, Alvarez AM, de Almeida LM. Nursing education:quality,innovation and accountability[J]. Rev Bras Enferm, 2014, 67(4):499-500. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167.2014670401
[7]	杨芷, 钟慧仪, 周英, 等. 护理本科生创新与创意思维课程的建设与发展[J]. 中华护理教育, 2022, 19(6):508-513.
	Yang Z, Chung WY, Zhou Y, et al. Construction and development of the Innovation and Creative Thinking course for nursing undergraduates[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2022, 19(6):508-513.
[8]	原芸姿. 护理实践教学中融入创新创业教育的探索研究[J]. 山西青年, 2021(23):49-50.
[9]	刘清华, 江燕, 黄丽红, 等. 专利设计指导提升护理本科实习生创新效能的效果评价[J]. 中华护理教育, 2018, 15(11):815-819.
	Liu QH, Jiang Y, Huang LH, et al. Effects of patent design guidance on innovation efficiency of nursing undergraduates[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2018, 15(11):815-819.
[10]	任利华, 陈华, 孙宏玉, 等. 护理创新创业社会实践课程的建设及实施效果[J]. 中华护理教育, 2022, 19(6):513-517.
	Ren LH, Chen H, Sun HY, et al. The development and effects evaluation of the Nursing Innovation and Entrepreneurship Social Practice course[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2022, 19(6):513-517.
[11]	Gao LM, Lu QC, Hou XC, et al. Effectiveness of a nursing innovation workshop at enhancing nurses’ innovation abilities:a quasi-experimental study[J]. Nurs Open, 2022, 9(1):418-427. doi: 10.1002/nop2.v9.1
[12]	章曼娜, 王佳桐, 阙明坤. 双创竞赛提升了高职学生的创业意愿吗?基于认知灵活性和创业警觉性视角的实证研究[J]. 职业技术教育, 2022, 43(5):75-80.
[13]	胡芝华, 张平, 段功香, 等. 护理本科生创新能力培养的实践教学改革探索[J]. 中华护理教育, 2008, 5(2):76-78.
[14]	Chiu MM, Woo CK, Shiu A, et al. Reducing costly free-rider effects via OASIS[J]. Int J Comp Educ Dev, 2019, 22(1):30-48. doi: 10.1108/IJCED-07-2019-0041
[15]	李银清, 曹世奎. 中医药高等院校创新创业教育体系构建研究[J]. 学校党建与思想教育, 2022(2):64-66.
	Li YQ, Cao SK. Research on the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship education system in colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Party Build Ideol Educ Sch, 2022(2):64-66.
[16]	梁春晓, 沈红. 创业学习对大学生创业意愿的影响机制研究:基于全国本科生能力测评的实证分析[J]. 大学教育科学, 2022, 13(1):54-63.
	Liang CX, Shen H. Effects of entrepreneurial learning on college students’ entrepreneurial intention:empirical analysis based on national undergraduate ability assessment[J]. Univ Educ Sci, 2022, 13(1):54-63.