基于混合方法研究的新入职护士工作压力分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.12.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解福建省属三级甲等综合性医院新入职护士的工作压力现况,为新入职护士压力管理提供依据。方法采用混合方法研究,采用中国护士压力源量表对福州市4所综合性三级甲等医院182名新入职护士进行调查,并对12名新入职护士进行半结构式深入访谈。结果问卷结果显示,新入职护士压力得分为（2.56±0.31）分,处于中等偏上水平,时间分配及工作量维度得分最高（2.95±0.46）分;不同性别、居住情况、目前所在科室的新入职护士工作压力比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。访谈结果提炼出5个主题,包括工作量和工作责任是新入职护士主要压力源;知识与技能储备不足,影响护士工作信心;工作成就感低,导致护士角色适应困难;压力调节不良,影响护士身心健康及工作状态;同事帮助和社会支持是护士缓解压力的主要支柱。结论新入职护士在入职早期总体工作压力较大,压力源复杂,护理管理者应积极关注新入职护士的工作压力情况,提供有针对性的干预手段,帮助新入职护士顺利完成角色转变。

关键词: 人员, 医院, 新入职护士, 工作压力, 混合方法研究

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current work pressure of new nurses in Fujian province. Methods A mixed-method study design was adopted. The Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale was used to investigate 182 new nurses in 4 comprehensive tertiary hospitals in Fuzhou. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 new nurses. Results The results of questionnaire survey showed that the pressure score of new nurses was （2.56±0.31）,which was in the upper middle level. The time allocation and workload dimension scores were the highest （2.95±0.46）. The work pressure of new nurses with different genders,living conditions,and departments was different（P<0.05）. Five themes were extracted from the interview data including workload and work responsibilities as the main sources of pressure,insufficient knowledge and unskilled operations that affect work confidence,low job accomplishment leading to maladaptation of the role of nurses,poor pressure regulation affecting physical and mental health and work status,and colleagues’ help and social support as the main resources pressure relieving. Conclusion The overall work pressure of new nurses is relatively high in the early stage of their career,and the pressure source is diverse. Nursing managers should actively pay attention to the work pressure of nurses and provide targeted interventions to help them successfully complete the role transition.

Key words: Personnel, Hospital, New nurses, Work stress, Mixed method research

方艳,杨静萍,谭素敏,蔡晶晶,宋继红,肖烨. 基于混合方法研究的新入职护士工作压力分析[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(12): 1136-1140.

FANG Yan,YANG Jing-ping,TAN Su-min,CAI Jing-jing,SONG Ji-hong,XIAO Ye. The current situation of work pressure of new nurses:a mixed-method study[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2021, 18(12): 1136-1140.

图/表 2

参考文献 12

[1]	国家卫生计生委办公厅. 关于印发《新入职护士培训大纲(试行)》的通知[EB/OL].[2021-04-05]. https://baike.so.com/doc/288-26373-30288054.html .
[2]	Phillips C, Kenny A, Esterman A, et al. A secondary data analy-sis examining the needs of graduate nurses in their transition to a new role[J]. Nurse Educ Pract, 2014, 14(2):106-111. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2013.07.007 pmid: 23932667
[3]	Kim JH, Shin HS. Exploring barriers and facilitators for successful transition in new graduate nurses:a mixed methods study[J]. J Prof Nurs, 2020, 36(6):560-568. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.08.006
[4]	李靖, 王曙红, 黄甜珍. 新护士转型冲击现状及影响因素研究进展[J]. 护理研究, 2020, 34(11):1974-1978.
	Li J, Wang SH, Huang TZ. Research progress on status quo and influencing factors of the transition shock of newly gradua-ted registered nurses[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2020, 34(11):1974-1978.
[5]	刘鑫, 胡宇乐, 杨浩杰, 等. 我国部分地区护士离职意愿现状及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国护理管理, 2021, 21(10):1543-1548.
	Liu X, Hu YL, Yang HJ, et al. The current situation and influencing factors of nurses turnover intentions in China[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2021, 21(10):1543-1548.
[6]	李小妹, 刘彦君. 护士工作压力源及工作疲溃感的调查研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2000, 35(11):645-649.
	Li XM, Liu YJ. Job stressors and burnout among staff nurses[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2000, 35(11):645-649.
[7]	van der Heijden B, Brown Mahoney C, Xu YZ. Impact of job demands and resources on nurses’ burnout and occupational turnover intention towards an age-moderated mediation model for the nursing profession[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019, 16(11):E2011.
[8]	Doughty L, McKillop A, Dixon R, et al. Educating new graduate nurses in their first year of practice:the perspective and experiences of the new graduate nurses and the director of nursing[J]. Nurse Educ Pract, 2018, 30:101-105. doi: S1471-5953(17)30476-6 pmid: 29698878
[9]	罗永娟, 陈敏玲, 王淑玲, 等. 护士工作压力管理与护理质量的相关性研究[J]. 广州医科大学学报, 2016, 44(4):91-94.
	Luo YJ, Chen ML, Wang SL, et al. Study on the relationship between nurses’ job stress management and nursing quality[J]. Acad J Guangzhou Med Univ, 2016, 44(4):91-94.
[10]	孙晓, 田梅梅, 施雁. 新护士入职前预期工作压力与企盼资源调查分析[J]. 护理学报, 2015, 22(8):34-36.
	Sun X, Tian MM, Shi Y. New nurses’ expectations of pre-ser-vice work pressure and resources[J]. J Nurs(China), 2015, 22(8):34-36.
[11]	王小琴, 张月, 杨雅梅. 护士工作压力与求助意向及求助行为研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2018, 33(13):5-8.
	Wang XQ, Zhang Y, Yang YM. A survey of nurses’ work stress,help-seeking intention and behavior[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2018, 33(13):5-8.
[12]	陈铭, 孙晓, 朱晓萍, 等. 189名新护士角色转型冲击与心理韧性相关性分析[J]. 护理学报, 2017, 24(3):50-53.
	Chen M, Sun X, Zhu XP, et al. Relationship between transition shock and resilience of newly-graduated nurses[J]. J Nurs(China), 2017, 24(3):50-53.

[1]	王敏, 陈桂兰, 瞿艳, 戴秀娟. 模块化教学在中医院新入职护士辨证施护能力培训中的应用[J]. 中华护理教育, 2022, 19(1): 59-63.
[2]	张晓庆, 黄赣英, 沈小玲, 傅蓉, 钱丽华. 急诊护理实习教学OSCE案例编写及评价[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(9): 827-830.
[3]	钱孔嘉,徐红贞,程晓英,罗飞翔,周红琴,陈朔晖,诸纪华. 儿科医院新入职护士带教师资能力评价指标体系的构建[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(7): 586-591.
[4]	李野,徐秀琴,田亚娟,唐玲. 北京市中医医院新入职护士培训师资管理指标体系的构建[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(7): 592-595.
[5]	宫慧,魏丽丽,王静远,张艳,李雯,吕伯瀚,邹玉姣. 儿科护士与患儿父母伙伴关系量表的汉化及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(7): 638-643.
[6]	李真,郭娜,霍晓鹏,焦静,吴欣娟. 近10年新入职护士研究现状与热点分析[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(7): 606-612.
[7]	杨丽黎,王锦云,边莉,李超倩,刘素香,竺赛丽,黄小娇. 新入职护士通用业务知识课程执行大纲的设计与应用效果[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(7): 596-599.
[8]	冯兰棱,樊落,李琳,李丹,王雪. 我国新入职护士培训真实体验质性研究的Meta整合[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(7): 600-605.
[9]	苏真娇,钟彤,周冬梅,叶俏,曾萍. 综合性医院专责临床护理教师培训与使用[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(6): 535-538.
[10]	黄瑞英,王静,徐晓霞,白桂芳. 新入职护士逆境商培养方案的设计与实践[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(5): 452-455.
[11]	姜颖,陈丛琳,杨光静,黄定桂,杨婵娟. OSCE在重庆市中医专科护士辨证施护能力评价中的应用[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(4): 298-302.
[12]	刘晓,黄楚贤,施忠英. 基于转型冲击模型的精神专科医院新入职护士培训方案的构建[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(4): 317-323.
[13]	江韩英,吴碧瑜,洪玉苗,蔡萍萍. 综合医院儿科护士体面劳动感知现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(4): 347-351.
[14]	韩现红,丁春戈,鲁丰华,刘延锦. 本科学历新入职护士临床轮转考核评价体系的构建[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(3): 235-239.
[15]	李汶静,尹华英,周雅婷,谭巨丹. 儿科方向护理硕士专业学位研究生对临床师资准入标准及核心能力期望[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(2): 149-153.