Table of Content

15 November 2026, Volume 23 Issue 11 Previous Issue   

AI-empowered Nursing Education

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Development process，key challenges and strategies for the digital and intelligent transformation of nursing education in China LI Yiting, CHEN Junyu, TU Wenjing, WU Liyun, XU Guihua 2026, 23 (11):  1285-1291.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.001 Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1838KB) ( 0 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics Through a literature review combined with policy evolution analysis，this study categorized the development of digital and intelligent nursing education in China over the past decade into three stages：the information technology integration stage centered on mobile learning platforms and simulation-based education，the digital transformation stage characterized by blended learning and immersive interaction，and the AI-driven digital and intelligent upgrading stage based on in-depth technological integration. This paper further identifies key bottlenecks restricting the digital and intelligent transformation of nursing education，including the misalignment between digital and intelligent teaching development and the optimization of learning experiences，the imbalance between the advancement of emerging technologies and the improvement of teachers’ digital literacy，the inadequate adaptation of educational stakeholders to technology-related trust risks，and the lagging ethical safeguard system despite the widespread application of digital and intelligent technologies. Based on these challenges，corresponding strategies were proposed，including establishing a continuous optimization mechanism for digital and intelligent teaching，enhancing teachers’ competence in applying digital and intelligent technologies，strengthening the adaptability of educational stakeholders，and improving data security governance systems.

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The nurse as the moral measure of AI outputs：extending Harmony Nursing Theory and reconstructing nursing education paths Sydney X. HU, VAN Iat Kio, GUO Yiqiang 2026, 23 (11):  1292-1298.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.002 Abstract ( 23 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1424KB) ( 0 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics The International Council of Nurses 2025 updated definition of nursing describes it as a profession dedicated to upholding everyone’s right to the highest attainable standard of health and committed to social justice across the life span. Meanwhile， artificial intelligence（AI） has entered nursing practice at scale，yet nursing education has responded largely at the level of technical integration，leaving a more fundamental ontological question unaddressed：under this expanded mandate，where does the nurse’s irreplaceability as a professional subject actually reside? Harmony Nursing Theory，whose dual track of he（a supportive relational climate in which people within the system feel well），the cognitive，affective and interpersonal investment of persons，and xie（the sound and proportionate structuring of the system’s components，mechanisms and institutions），the institutional pathway of implementation，fits the nurse-AI relationship better than theories centred on the environment’s direct effect on health；yet its premise that xie operates upon a passive system no longer holds once agentic AI generates coordination preferences of its own. Therefore，on the basis of proposing three conceptual extensions to this theory，the paper responds to a normative proposition：nurses should serve as the moral measure of whether AI outputs remain humane，and interprets the irreplaceability of nurses as three embodied dimensions covering the full-life course：whole-person embodied beholding，moral advocacy for health justice，and existential accompaniment across life stages. Three reforms of nursing education are proposed：curricula that foster ontological caring capacity，structurally integrating critical AI literacy，and cultivating the institutional awareness needed to prevent automation compliance from eroding clinical judgement.

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Exploratory application of artificial intelligence-driven problem-based learning model in Adult Nursing courses ZHAO Yuhan, DENG Ying, WANG Huiying, MIAO Yiqun, GUO Rongrong, LUO Yuan, WU Ying 2026, 23 (11):  1299-1304.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.003 Abstract ( 27 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1511KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the usability of the technical carrier of an artificial intelligence-driven problem-based learning（AI-PBL） model. Methods Guided by situated cognition and cognitive scaffolding theories，this study constructed an AI-PBL model and developed a web-based system prototype serving as its technical carrier，which comprises three core modules：staged case presentation，structured recording，and conversational interaction. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted. From October to November 2025，the system was implemented in the circulatory system module of the Adult Nursing PBL for 2023 cohort undergraduate nursing students at a nursing school. Upon completion of learning with the assigned clinical case，students evaluated the system prototype using the Chinese version of the System Usability Scale（SUS） and provided usage feedback by answering four open-ended questions. Results A total of 43 students were included. The SUS total score was 73.37±9.30. Students rated items related to function integration and intention to use the system relatively higher，and open-ended feedback mainly focused on optimizing scenario progression explainability，interaction stability，and instructional guidance support. Conclusion The system prototype of the AI-PBL model exhibits good usability and learner acceptability in Adult Nursing PBL. Further studies using controlled or longitudinal designs are needed to examine its effects on clinical reasoning and self-directed learning outcomes，and to further optimize system data security and formative evaluation mechanisms.

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Innovation and practice of the “Intuition-Analysis-Metacognitive Monitoring” three-modules synergistic clinical decision-making training model in Internal Medicine Nursing LI Juan, MAO Ting, LUO Yuanhui, LIU Li, ZHANG Jingping 2026, 23 (11):  1305-1311.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.004 Abstract ( 18 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2219KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Addressing the challenges in traditional medical nursing education，including fragmented clinical thinking，inadequate intuitive response，and insufficient decision-making reflection and self-correction，this study proposes the “Intuition-Analysis-Metacognitive Monitoring” three-module collaborative training model based on dual-system theory from cognitive science. This model systematically enhances clinical decision-making ability through three pathways. At the module 1 level of intuition training，frequent high-pressure training using virtual simulation and highly realistic scenario-based simulations facilitates the transformation of declarative knowledge into procedural intuition. At the module 2 level of analysis and reasoning，structured designs incorporating knowledge graphs，AI-powered diagnostic agents，and developmental case studies strengthen students’ logical inference and evidence integration skills. At the module 3 metacognitive monitoring level，a three-stage debriefing process involving intergroup debates and guided feedback enables social calibration of implicit thought processes. Practice has shown that this model has achieved phased effectiveness in supporting student development，teacher professional growth，and outcome dissemination. The course has been accredited as a provincial-level top-tier blended course，and the teaching team won second prize in the National University Teaching Innovation Competition.

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Construction and usability evaluation of knowledge graph of the Nursing Research course HUANG Xinghe, ZOU Haiou, WU Liping, CAO Jing, LI Xiaoxue, GUO Aimin 2026, 23 (11):  1312-1317.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.005 Abstract ( 31 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1216KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To construct a knowledge graph for the Nursing Research course，evaluate its usability，and assess students’ learning experiences. Methods Guided by constructivist learning theory，multiple knowledge sources，including textbooks and relevant literature in nursing research，were integrated. A knowledge graph specific to the Nursing Research course was designed and constructed. Usability was assessed by convenience sampling of 47 undergraduate nursing students. Additionally，10 students were sampled for semi-structured interviews to understand their learning experiences. Results The knowledge graph comprises 8 knowledge modules，encompassing 165 knowledge points，and is linked to 1 173 test questions and 112 learning resources. The total usability scale score for the knowledge graph platform was（66.81±14.42） points. Across the dimensions of satisfaction，learning attitude，learning ability，and support for learning resources，over 90% of respondents selected “agree” or “strongly agree” for most items. Interviews analysis identified major themes in students’ feedback：strong recognition for structured knowledge and logical visualization，improved learning efficiency，willingness to continue use，and an overall positive attitude. Conclusion The constructed knowledge graph exhibits strong usability. It helps nursing students master nursing research knowledge and facilitates autonomous learning.

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Application progress of intelligent evaluation in the teaching of nursing majors ZHAO Chenglong, YANG Qing, AN Qi, KONG Xiukun, WU Ke, LI Lin 2026, 23 (11):  1318-1323.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.006 Abstract ( 31 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1224KB) ( 1 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics The development of artificial intelligence has promoted the transformation of assessment in nursing education toward intelligent assessment. Traditional assessment methods present limitations in objectivity，process-oriented assessment，and individualized feedback. By integrating technologies such as natural language processing，computer vision，machine learning，and generative artificial intelligence，intelligent evaluation enables more precise assessment of nursing students’ knowledge，skills，stress states，and communication competence. This article reviews the concept of intelligent evaluation and related artificial intelligence technologies，with a focus on the current applications of textual data in cognitive assessment，visual data in skills assessment，physiological data in stress assessment，and audiovisual data in communication assessment. It further discusses challenges in implementing intelligent assessment in nursing education and proposes corresponding strategies，aiming to provide a reference for innovation in nursing education assessment and the standardized application of intelligent assessment.

Ideological and Political Education and Quality Education

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Definition of clinical nursing thinking connotation and analysis of attributes based on the Walker-Avant framework ZHENG Haixin, ZHANG Hongchen, ZHAO Fangfei, HE Zhihui, KE Hui 2026, 23 (11):  1324-1330.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.007 Abstract ( 21 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1060KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the conceptual connotation of clinical nursing thinking. Methods A systematic search was conducted in databases including CNKI，Wanfang，VIP，SinoMed，PubMed，Embase，Scopus，Web of Science，CINAHL，and Cochrane Library. The Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method was applied in this study. Results A total of 71 eligible articles were included. The defining attributes encompassed 6 aspects：contextual thinking，systematic thinking，evidence-based thinking，critical thinking，reflective thinking and innovative thinking. This framework demonstrates a clear hierarchical structure with situational thinking as the foundational domain，systematic and evidence-based thinking as the base layer，critical and reflective thinking as the deepening layer，and innovative thinking as the expansion layer. Antecedents of clinical nursing thinking contained individual and environmental factors，while its consequences covered impacts on patients，nurses/nursing students，and health system. Conclusion Clinical nursing thinking is a multidimensional，integrated higher-order cognitive structure，whose 6 attributes are organically combined at specific levels. This study provides a solid theoretical foundation for the accurate application，operational definition，and scientific development of assessment tools for clinical nursing thinking.

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A study on the application of team collaboration strategies and toolkits in operating room teaching for postgraduate nursing students SHEN Haiyan, WU Pei, DENG Lu, LIANG Jiajia, YANG Tingting, WANG Huiping 2026, 23 (11):  1331-1336.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.008 Abstract ( 15 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (933KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the effect of Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety（TeamSTEPPS） teaching on operating room teamwork competency among master of nursing specialist students. Methods Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants for both groups. The control group consisted of 2021-cohort nursing postgraduates who practiced in a tertiary hospital from January to June 2024 and received conventional training（theoretical training，skills practice，ward rounds）.The experimental group consisted of 2022-cohort nursing postgraduates who received standardized TeamSTEPPS-integrated teaching during their clinical practice from January to June 2025. Results After training，the assessment scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group（P<0.05）. The total score and all dimension scores of TeamSTEPPS teamwork cognition and attitude were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group（all P<0.05）. Conclusion TeamSTEPPS-based teaching can improve nursing postgraduates’ teamwork competency，and deserves extensive promotion in clinical teaching.

Experimental and Practical Teaching and Learning

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Application effects of a full-process task-driven virtual simulation system for preoperative and postoperative nursing of patients with colorectal cancer in undergraduate nursing education CHEN Shiqi, ZHONG Liqiang, XU Xuehu, DU Zhimin 2026, 23 (11):  1337-1344.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.009 Abstract ( 20 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1690KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To preliminarily evaluate the teaching effectiveness of a virtual simulation system for preoperative and postoperative nursing care of patients with colorectal cancer. Methods A virtual simulation system covering the full care continuum of diagnosis，treatment，nursing care，and rehabilitation was developed，consisting of 8 modules，13 core knowledge points，and 11 interactive steps. The system included a learning mode and an assessment mode，and supported dynamic interaction，process monitoring，and diversified assessment. A total of 64 undergraduate nursing students from the 2022 cohort were randomly assigned to two groups. After completing the same theoretical instruction and basic laboratory training，the control group（n=32） received conventional integrated practical teaching，whereas the experimental group（n=32） received integrated practical teaching supported by the virtual simulation platform. A theoretical examination，the Clinical Reasoning Ability Scale，the Clinical Communication Ability Scale，and the Self-Directed Learning Ability Scale were administered before and after the integrated practical teaching，and platform usage data were collected from the experimental group. Results After the intervention，the experimental group achieved significantly higher theoretical examination scores than the control group（P<0.001）. The total clinical communication ability score and the scores for the two dimensions of establishing harmonious relationships and sensitive listening were also higher in the experimental group（all P<0.05）. Within the experimental group，significant improvements were observed in the total score of clinical reasoning ability，the dimensions of critical thinking and systematic thinking，together with the total self-directed learning ability score and the information literacy dimension（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Compared with conventional integrated practical teaching，the full-process task-driven virtual simulation system for preoperative and postoperative nursing care of patients with colorectal cancer showed certain advantages in promoting knowledge integration and application and enhancing clinical communication ability among undergraduate nursing students. It may also support training in clinical reasoning and self-directed learning abilities，which can serve as a valid supplementary teaching tool for traditional nursing practical teaching.

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Application of structured reflective journals based on Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory in community nursing internships QIN Hui, LUO Jinfeng, ZHANG Yan, MU Jiayi 2026, 23 (11):  1345-1350.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.010 Abstract ( 16 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (985KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective This study explores the efficacy of Kolb’s experiential learning theory-based structured reflective journals during community nursing internships. Methods A convenience sample of 86 nursing undergraduates from a university were selected as participants. By class and through a drawing method，they were divided into an experimental group（n=41） and a control group（n=45）. The control group followed the conventional clinical nursing internship arrangements，while the experimental group completed standard community internship tasks plus regular journal reflection guided by Kolb’s theory. Results After a four-week internship，the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores in theoretical assessments，daily performance，and self-evaluations of internship effectiveness compared to the control group（P<0.05）. Semi-structured interviews with 10 nursing students revealed four main themes：promoting deep integration of theory in real community contexts，facilitating the transformation of knowledge into practical skills，enhancing the systematic and autonomous nature of nursing practice，and cultivating family- and community-oriented professional identity. Conclusion Structured reflective journals based on Kolb’s experiential learning theory can effectively enhance the outcomes of community nursing internships. This tool offers a viable approach to shift community nursing education from superficial experience accumulation toward systematic competency cultivation.

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Development and validation of a safety culture assessment scale for nursing training laboratories CHEN Xiaoyu, CHEN Xue, LIU Min, WU Dengcong, HUANG Li’e 2026, 23 (11):  1351-1357.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.011 Abstract ( 21 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1075KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To develop a safety culture assessment scale for nursing training laboratories in colleges and universities and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods Based on the Haddon and Reason models，the initial scale was constructed via literature review，semi-structured interviews，and two rounds of expert consultation. A convenience sample of 604 nursing students at an university completed the questionnaire between October 2025 and February 2026 for reliability and validity testing. Results The final scale consisted of 50 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 6 factors（safety attitudes and values，safety management and system perception，safety behavior and emergency response，safety interaction and improvement，overall satisfaction，and safety negative cognition）. The cumulative variance explained was 68.45%. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit （χ2/df=2.89，CFI=0.901，TLI=0.919，RMSEA=0.067，SRMR=0.045）. The total scale’s Cronbach’s α was 0.952，with subscales ranging from 0.852 to 0.943；test-retest reliability was 0.865. The AVE values ranged from 0.54 to 0.73，the composite reliability ranged from 0.85 to 0.92，and convergent validity was adequate. Conclusion The newly developed safety culture scale for nursing training laboratories demonstrates good reliability and validity.

Health Education and Health Promotion

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Application of reflective model combined with segmented video in self-care education for patients with secondary lower extremity lymphedema WANG Jing, LI Ying, MEI Xiaofeng, XU Honglei, YANG Qiong 2026, 23 (11):  1358-1364.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.012 Abstract ( 17 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1343KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the application effect of ALACT Reflection Model combined with segmented video in self-care education for patients with secondary lower extremity lymphedema. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 62 outpatients with secondary lower limb lymphedema were recruited from the Department of Lymphatic Surgery of a tertiary Grade A hospital in Zhejiang Province from November 2025 to February 2026. The patients were divided into a control group and an experimental group using a random number table，with 31 patients in each group. The control group received routine health education，while the experimental group received health education guided by the ALACT Reflection Model and segmented videos. Before intervention and after 12 weeks of intervention，indicators including bilateral lower limb bioimpedance and tissue water content，patient activation and self-management efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results After 12 weeks of intervention，the bioelectrical impedance values and water content of both lower limbs，as well as the scores of patient activation and self-management efficacy in the experimental group were superior to those in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Self-care education based on the ALACT Reflection Model and segmented videos for patients with secondary lower limb lymphedema can effectively relieve limb edema，and improve their self-care enthusiasm and self-management efficacy.

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The stressors and coping strategies of dyadic illness management in patients with chronic heart failure and their caregivers：a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies FAN Wenhai, ZHANG Xiaoqing, LI Chunxia, LI Lihong, WANG Lijun, YU Mingming 2026, 23 (11):  1365-1372.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.013 Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1270KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To synthesize the stressors and coping strategies of dyadic illness management in patients with chronic heart failure and their caregivers. Methods Eight databases were comprehensively searched from their inception to July 2026 for the qualitative studies on dyadic illness management experience of patients with chronic heart failure and their caregivers. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative Studies Checklist（2024 version） was adopted for methodological quality assessment，and the integrative pooled synthesis method was applied for data synthesis. Results A total of 18 articles were included and 28 complete findings were grouped into 9 categories according to their similarities. These 9 categories were further grouped into 4 synthesized findings：internal stressors—incongruence in dyadic interaction；external stressors—dual burden of life disruption and negative emotions；internal coping strategies—collaborative coping and relationship adjustment；and external coping strategies—acquisition and sharing of diverse resources. Conclusion The stressors and coping strategies for dyadic illness management among patients with chronic heart failure and their caregivers present obvious internal and external dual attributes. Nurses should promptly identify the unique stressors faced by the dyads and provide targeted coping strategy guidance to enhance the dyads’ disease management capabilities and health outcomes.

Professional Practice

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Construction and usability evaluation of a knowledge graph and large language model co-driven management decision-support system for dysphagia in older adults LI Sufang, WANG Jiayu, DU Yifei, ZHAO Qing, SU Panpan, TAO Youqing, YANG Wenwen 2026, 23 (11):  1373-1379.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.014 Abstract ( 15 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1261KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To develop a management decision-support system integrating a knowledge graph with a large language model for dysphagia in older adults，and to evaluate its usability. Methods A disease-specific knowledge graph was built in Protégé through a combined top-down and bottom-up approach. With a text corpus and the knowledge graph serving as dual knowledge sources，two parallel channels：vector-based semantic retrieval and subgraph retrieval，respectively retrieved supporting evidence from the literature and performed directed causal reasoning. DeepSeek-V3 was adopted as the generative foundation model，supplemented by a cross-model consistency check. Clinical nurses were positioned as the primary users，with family caregivers and patients as extension users in home settings；role-tailored prompt templates and an emotional safety control mechanism were predefined for these user groups. Role-specific prompt templates were predefined for nurses，family caregivers，and patients. The system was evaluated at three levels：model performance，decision output，and user experience. Results The system achieved a response accuracy of 88% in standardized tests for geriatric dysphagia，significantly higher than that of the general-purpose models（64%-67%，P<0.001） and the single-channel model（74%，P=0.012）. In the evaluation of the system-assisted decision-making scheme by 13 experts，the evidence trace ability dimension achieved the highest score of（4.42±0.17）. The system usability scores were 80.25±7.12 for 10 nurses and 74.50±8.80 for 10 caregivers. The analysis of interview data from 3 nurses and 3 caregivers revealed that the system strengthened the credibility and efficiency of decisions and improved caregivers’ practical skills，although the translation of technical terms and the depth of responses for severe cases warranted further refinement. Conclusion The system delivers high response accuracy and enables evidence traceability，showing favorable usability for assisted decision-making in the management of geriatric dysphagia in both clinical and home settings.

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Construction and preliminary clinical application evaluation of a quality evaluation indicator system for hospice care services WANG Dan, ZHAO Yun, ZHOU Ning, LU Yan, SUN Yali, GAO Fulin, YANG Bo, GU Feng, ZHANG Rui 2026, 23 (11):  1380-1386.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.015 Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1104KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To construct a scientific quality evaluation indicator system aligned with hospice care practice in China，and to provide a standardized reference for service homogenization and specialty nursing talent training. Methods Taking Donabedian’s Structure-Process-Outcome（SPO） model as the framework，an initial indicator pool was formed through systematic literature review and policy text analysis at national，provincial-municipal and institutional levels. Two rounds of anonymous Delphi consultation were conducted with 21 multidisciplinary experts from eight provinces and municipalities in China. The Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） was used to calculate the combined weights of each indicator. Two palliative care specialty nurses used this evaluation index system to conduct a retrospective application evaluation on the case data of 30 patients. Results The effective response rates of the two rounds of consultation were 100% and 95%，respectively. The expert authority coefficient was 0.916，and Kendall’s coefficients of concordance were 0.087 and 0.110，respectively（both P<0.001）. The final system comprised three first-level，13 second-level，and 44 third-level indicators. Process quality had the highest weight（0.474），covering full-scenario care across institution，community，and home settings. Preliminary clinical application evaluation showed good inter-rater reliability（ICC=0.823，P<0.001），with an average evaluation time of 25.4 minutes per case. Conclusion The constructed indicator system aligns with relevant policies and practice guidelines and shows preliminary feasibility in the inpatient setting. Further studies are needed to examine the applicability and performance of the indicators in community and home care settings.

Advances and Applications in Research Methods

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Current status of nursing concept analysis research in Chinese core journals GONG Zheng, WU Youyou, YANG Pan, HU Qian, LU Qian 2026, 23 (11):  1387-1392.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.016 Abstract ( 16 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (934KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To review the current status of concept analysis research in the field of nursing published in Chinese core journals. Methods We searched CNKI，Wanfang Data for concept analysis studies published in 13 nursing journals indexed in the Peking University Core Journal List，Science and Technology Core Journal List，and CSCD from the inception of each database to February 28，2026. Textual analysis was used to analyze the literature. Results A total of 172 articles were included. The number of publications has increased significantly since 2020. Research topics were mainly concentrated in the fields of geriatrics，cancer，and chronic diseases. Of the included articles，83 articles（48.3%） adopted the Walker & Avant classic concept analysis method，while 62 articles（36.0%） adopted Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis method；67 articles（39.0%） did not explain the reason for their method selection. The construction of case examples was the most frequently missing step. Conclusion Concept analysis has garnered attention from nursing scholars in China，with the number of studies continuing to grow. Research topics closely align with the needs of nursing practice and national strategic directions. However，some studies still lack adequate reporting on conceptual questions，rationale for method selection，and subsequent developmental pathways. Future studies should begin with clarifying conceptual questions，select appropriate methods based on the characteristics of the concept，and strengthen the articulation of conceptual boundaries，operationalization，and subsequent validation and application pathways，so as to enhance the value of concept analysis for nursing knowledge development and clinical practice.

Overseas Perspective

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Characteristics and implications of simulation teaching in the nursing discipline at King’s College London DONG Zhao, JIANG Wei 2026, 23 (11):  1393-1397.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.017 Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (982KB) ( 0 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics Against the backdrop of high-quality development in global nursing education，simulation teaching has become a key pathway for cultivating students’ professional core competencies. The United Kingdom has accumulated relatively mature experience in this field，with King’s College London （KCL） serving as a representative example. Based on field visits and documentary analysis，this study adopts a case study approach to distill the core characteristics of KCL simulation teaching system from three dimensions：scenario design，teaching implementation，and learning support. The findings indicate that the system presents three core attributes：authenticity and inclusiveness of professional scenarios，precision and systematization of teaching procedures，and transparency of learning pathways and support systems. On this basis，the paper proposes implications for reforming nursing simulation teaching in China.

Review

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Research progress on the application of natural language processing technology in nursing education YUE Peng 2026, 23 (11):  1398-1403.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.018 Abstract ( 13 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (862KB) ( 0 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics Natural language processing（NLP），as an important branch of artificial intelligence，integrates theories and methods from linguistics，computer science，and machine learning，and its application in nursing education has continued to deepen in recent years. With the accelerating informatization and intelligent transformation of nursing education，how to leverage artificial intelligence technologies to enhance teaching quality，optimize instructional processes，and promote the development of nursing students’ core competencies and job-related competencies has gradually become a key direction of nursing education reform. Focusing on two core technologies—information extraction and question answering systems—this paper systematically reviews the current applications of NLP in nursing education，analyzes their potential value in teaching resource integration，learning support，optimization of the teaching process，and competency assessment，and discusses the challenges related to standardization，interdisciplinary collaboration，and ethical and privacy concerns. The review aims to provide references for nursing educators to effectively apply NLP technologies in nursing education.

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Research progress on psychological resilience intervention programs for nurses WANG Ning, GENG Jing 2026, 23 (11):  1404-1409.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.11.019 Abstract ( 27 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (954KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Nurses frequently encounter stressful situations in their work，and psychological resilience serves as a key protective factor that helps them cope with stress and prevent professional burnout. Currently，research on nurses’ psychological resilience has shifted from status surveys，influencing factor analysis，and correlational studies to interventional studies. However，existing intervention measures are fragmented，and there is a disconnect between research findings and clinical practice. Therefore，this review aims to systematically examine the theoretical foundations and core components of psychological resilience intervention programs for nurses. Rather than simply listing discrete interventions，it focuses on summarizing multi-modal integrated intervention programs. Future efforts should focus on strengthening high-quality randomized controlled trials，emphasizing long-term outcomes，and integrating psychological resilience training systems into the professional development framework for nurses to promote workforce stability and well-being.