Accreditation of undergraduate nursing programs is a key means to ensure the quality of higher nursing education，and the domestic education sector is also increasingly concerned about internationalized professional accreditation. This article combines the experience of the Bachelor of Nursing degree program of Macao Polytechnic University in receiving international professional accreditation from the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education（QAA） in the United Kingdom and Portugal’s Agency for Assessment and Accreditation of Higher Education（A3ES），explores the critical role of international accreditation in enhancing the quality of nursing education，increasing professional competitiveness，promoting the international mobility of nursing professionals，and encouraging institutional self-development and construction. The aim is to provide references and insights for aligning domestic nursing undergraduate education with international standards and achieving educational globalization.

Higher nursing education in Macao has flourished over the past twenty years. As a pioneer in higher nursing education，the Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macao has played a vital role in promoting the training of nursing talents in Macao. Peking Union Medical College has pioneered higher nursing education in China，achieved changes in continuous exploration，accelerated the process of professionalization，scientification，and institutionalization of nursing. From a broader perspective of the development of the nursing discipline，Peking Union Medical College has demonstrated its influence in promoting nursing education in other regions. The mutual recognition of credit program，implemented in 2023 as a new path of cooperation between the two universities，is still in its infancy. This study summarizes the practical experience of the credit mutual recognition project of the two colleges in terms of clarifying project application requirements, developing mutually recognized credit courses and assessment systems, and puts forward the optimization mechanism，in order to provide references for the subsequent cross-regional cooperation in higher nursing education.

In order to implement the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area development strategy，promote the construction of a Healthy Bay Area，and strengthen the cultivation of high-level nursing talents in Macao，Peking University and Macao Polytechnic University jointly established “Peking University Health Science Center-Macao Polytechnic University Nursing Academy” in 2021 under the direct leadership of national ministries and the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. The project involves collaborative efforts in undergraduate nursing education in Macao. This paper summarizes the innovative practices and achievements of the project over three-years，and establishes the “3+1” nursing undergraduate training model of “one core，two advantages，and three stages” of cooperation. Through comprehensive integration，the project provides a new paradigm for educational cooperation and joint medical talents training in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

The development of nursing in Guangdong and Macao has the characteristic of complementary advantages. Deepening cooperation in nursing education between Guangdong and Macao has become a key issue to meet health service needs of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and improve the quality of nursing care in China. This article reviewed the history of nursing cooperation between Guangdong and Macao，integrated the multi-level cooperation model of Guangdong and Macao in the field of nursing education over the 25 years since Macao’s return to China，summarized the achievements of cooperation，and proposed ideas to future development cooperation. The article could provide references for the regional cooperation and international development of the overall nursing education in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and even across China.

This paper systematically reviewed the development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） nursing and summarized the current status of TCM nursing talents cultivation in China. It suggested focusing on the education of top-notch TCM nursing students. Two key measures were proposed：first，consolidating academic education to provide a solid foundation for the education of top-notch TCM nursing students；and second，promoting further education to collaborate with academic education. The aim was to provide a reference for the education of TCM nursing.

This paper employs the SWOT analysis method to analyze the internal and external environments for the development of advanced practice nurses（APNs） in China. It clarifies the internal strengths and weaknesses，as well as external opportunities and threats，and proposes targeted development suggestions. The paper concludes that the notable strengths of APN development in China currently lie in the expansion of the specialist nursing workforce and the improvement in the educational qualifications of practitioners. However，shortcomings such as the incomplete education and training structure，inadequate management and certification systems，and issues of nurse shortages and talent loss represent major weaknesses. The direction of national strategies and healthcare system reforms，as well as the continuous growth in societal health needs，provide valuable opportunities for APN development. Yet，challenges such as the legitimacy process for the role of APNs is still in its infancy，and a lack of recognition for their role poses potential threats to their development. China should draw on advanced foreign concepts and methodologies，innovate the training model and management mechanism for APNs in accordance with national conditions，improve the certification system，and accelerate the process of role legitimacy of APNs. By enhancing the level of utilization of APNs and increasing societal recognition of their role，we can promote the sustained and healthy development of the APN field in China.

Objective To design the teaching plan for undergraduate Nursing Research courses and explore its practical effectiveness. Methods The teaching design for undergraduate Nursing Research courses involved several steps，including clarifying the course objectives，designing teaching implementation，constructing integration schemes between ideology and politics and course content，developing teaching resources，and designing course evaluation system. The course was implemented among nursing undergraduates in the 2020 cohort at a university. The course outcomes，student satisfaction surveys on the course and its design，and peer evaluations from both within and outside the university were used to assess its teaching effectiveness. Results The average course score among 504 students was 81.54±8.06. Over 95% of students expressed satisfaction with the course design in term of breadth，depth，and logical coherence of the teaching design，as well as the overall curriculum. More than 90% of students expressed interest in the introduced ideological and political content，acknowledged its helpfulness in enhancing their understanding of professional knowledge，and its contribution to personal growth and comprehensive quality cultivation. The teaching evaluation scores from both university and college-level teaching supervisors exceeded 95 points. In 2023，this course was recognized as a National First-class Online and Offline Blended Undergraduate Course. Conclusion The course achieved remarkable teaching outcomes，with high levels of student satisfaction，and received positive recognition from peers both within and outside the university.

Objective To explore the effect of using Heart to Heart cards in the Palliative Care course for undergraduate nursing students. Methods From September 2023 to October 2023，the Heart to Heart card was utilized in experimental teaching activities of death education and communication with end-stage patient needs for 46 third-year nursing undergraduate students taking an elective Palliative Care course. After the teaching，participants’ evaluation were collected through Heart to Heart Café and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 conveniently selected students to understand their experiences and feelings. Results A total of 138 Heart to Heart cards were selected by the 46 participants，of which 39（28.3%） focused on physical needs，39（28.3%） on psychological needs，17（12.3%） on interpersonal needs，and 43（31.2%） on spiritual needs. Most of the participants（95.7%） thought that the experience of playing the Heart to Heart cards was very meaningful；40（87.0%） participants thought that it was easier to discuss death using the Heart to Heart cards；40（87.0%） participants would discuss advance care plans with their relatives and doctors；42（91.3%） participants would complete their own advance care plans；38（82.6%） participants would encourage family and friends to complete their advance care plans；and 41（89.1%） participants would recommend the Heart to Heart cards to others. Through the analysis of interview data，three main themes and seven sub-themes were extracted，namely：1） the Heart to Heart Café talk activities were both interesting and challenging；2） the Heart to Heart cards aided in breaking the taboo around discussing death and enhancing understanding of palliative care；3） looking forward to a deeper integration of the Heart to Heart cards into various situations. Conclusion The use of Heart to Heart cards in palliative care courses can promote nursing students’ discussions on death and dying topics，deepen their understanding of the connotation of palliative care，and help them overcome the taboo surrounding death while finding meaning in life.

Objective To explore the teaching reform path and practical effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） nursing in undergraduate nursing major. Methods Undergraduate nursing students from Fenyang College，Shanxi Medical University were randomly divided into two groups according to the teaching class，with three classes in experimental groups and another three in control groups，each group contained 80 students. In the experimental group，a teaching plan of "infiltrating TCM culture before class，integrating teaching content during class，and strengthening TCM nursing skills through post class internships" was utilized. In the control group，the conventional blended mode of online and offline teaching method was adopted. The recognition of teaching of students in the experimental group were investigated. The scores of traditional Chinese nursing theory，skills，and cultural recognition of TCM were compared. Results The scores of theory，skills and traditional Chinese medicine cultural recognition and each dimensions of experimental group students were significantly higher than those of control group（P<0.05）. More than 85% of students in the experimental group approved of the reformed teaching plan for TCM nursing. Conclusion The teaching reform of TCM nursing courses achieved certain results，which can help to enhance students’ learning outcomes and recognition of TCM culture.

Objective To explore the teaching design of Nursing Skills course in secondary vocational education and evaluate its practical effects. Methods The Nursing Skills course was designed by clarifying teaching objectives，integrating teaching content，constructing a “three-level，five-stage” teaching mode，building a teaching resource database，and devising an evaluation system. The curriculum was then implemented among 40 first-year nursing students in the 2022 cohort at Pinghu Vocational Secondary School. The teaching effectiveness was evaluated through course grades and student satisfaction surveys conducted through a self-designed questionnaire at the end of the course. Results The Nursing Skills course grades of the 40 students over three semesters were （88.08±3.34），（88.93±3.03），and（91.33±2.66），respectively. The proportion of students satisfied with teaching attitude，teaching ability，teaching content，teaching organization，acquisition of knowledge and skills，and clinical internship experience ranged from 77.5% to 92.5%. Conclusion The vocational nursing skills course demonstrated good teaching effectiveness，with high levels of student satisfaction. This study can provide a certain reference for teaching innovation in nursing programs in secondary vocational education.

Objective To explore the application effect of a clinical teaching method that pairs teachers and students based on behavioral styles in nursing internship clinical teaching. Methods A total of 220 nursing interns who completed internships in the NICU from 2021 to 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Among them，108 interns who entered the internship from May 2021 to February 2022 were assigned to the control group，while 112 interns from May 2022 to February 2023 were assigned to the experimental group. The standard teaching methods was used for the control group，while the experimental group underwent behavioral style assessments at the beginning of their internship. Pairing teachers and students and task allocation were then carried out based on these assessment results，with additional role-playing exercises. Students were also encouraged to provide health education and patient communication based on the different behavioral styles of patients’ families and team members. The learning initiative，learning effectiveness，and teaching satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results The experimental group scored higher than those of the control group in learning initiative（71.56±6.07，68.79±5.74，t=3.48，P=0.001）. Additionally，the theoretical scores，practical scores，nursing rounds comprehensive scores，and teaching satisfaction scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Clinical nursing teaching based on behavioral styles can improve the learning initiative of nursing interns，enhance teaching effectiveness，and gain students’ approval.

Objective To investigate the status of the flourishing of nursing undergraduates，and explore the influence of self-reflection and insight ability and depletion sensitivity on their flourishing. Methods The nursing undergraduates from three universities were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method，and were investigated by general data questionnaire，flourishing scale，The self-reflection and insight scale，and depletion sensitivity scale. Results A total of 452 nursing undergraduates were investigated. The score of the self-reflection and insight scale was（77.38±12.07）. The score of depletion sensitivity scale was（32.80±10.90）. The score of flourishing scale was（39.55±8.63）. The Hierarchical regression results showed the self-reflection and insight ability and depletion sensitivity were influencing factors（ΔR²=0.276）. Conclusion The flourishing of nursing undergraduates is at a moderate level. Nursing educators should take targeted measures to increase their learning initiative and cultivate their positive self-beliefs，thereby improving their flourishing.

Objective To identify and analyze the demand attributes of the training content of nurses in interventional operating room，and to provide reference for the construction and optimization of the interventional operating room nurses training program. Methods The questionnaire was designed according to the Kano model and incorporating existing training courses，expert consultation and a pilot investigation. A total of 296 interventional operating room nurses in Henan province were surveyed by convenience sampling between June 2023 and July in 2023. The Kano model’s attribute classification，along with Better-Worse coefficients and an importance matrix analysis，were employed to determine the demand attributes and improvement priorities for each training content item. Results Among the 44 items of training contents for interventional operating room nurses，23 were identified as must-be needs，11 as attractive needs，8 as one-dimensional needs and 2 as indifferent needs. The results of the satisfactory-importance matrix analysis showed that 7 items were divided into the advantage area in the first quadrant，23 items in the second quadrant，2 items in the third quadrant，and 12 items in the fourth quadrant. Conclusion The demand attributes of training content vary for interventional operating room nurses. Educators should revise or optimize the training program according to these different attributes to meet the needs of nurses，thereby improving training effect and satisfaction.

Objective To investigate nurses’ clinic communication competence of nurse in tertiary grade A general hospitals in China and analyze its influencing factors，so as to provide references for evaluating and enhancing the nurses’ clinical communication abilities. Methods From October to December 2023，clinical nurses from six tertiary grade A general hospitals were selected as the research objects， and these hospitals were from different administrative regions. A general information questionnaire and the Nurses’ Clinic Communication Competence Scale were used to investigate and report on the average level，distribution，and related factors of nurses’ clinical communication abilities. Results A total of 4 172 nurses were included in this study. The total score of clinical communication ability scale for nurses was（69.54±13.37），including establishing harmonious relationship（72.56±17.15），keen listening（77.14±18.99） and confirming patients’ problems（76.08±19.03），joint partici pation（52.71±22.46），effective information delivery（60.62±16.54），and verification of feelings（70.62±18.84）；The percen tile distribution of nurses’ clinical communication ability was established at 5% intervals. Using[0，56.17），[56.17，62.86），[62.86，76.23），[76.23，82.91），[82.91，100] as the boundary points，the clinical communication competence of nurses was divided into five levels：limited，developing，proficient，advanced and exceptional. The score of clinical communication ability of nurses with different ages，professional titles，positions and working years was compared，and the difference and trend test were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion The clinical commu-nication competence of nurses is at a proficient level，which is closely related to their clinical practice time. It is recommended to focus on younger nurses as training objects. The results of this study can be used as a norm of nurses’ clinical communication ability.

Objective To construct a health behavior patients decision-making aids（PDAs）that suitable for coronary heart disease population in China，so as to provide a decision support for behavior transformation and promote shared decision-making between nurses and patients. Methods Under the guidance of the Ottawa Decision Support Framework，the PDAs preliminary draft was formulated after literature analysis. A PDAs framework was formed through two rounds consultation of nine experts with relevant background. PDAs were finally developed after expert group discussions and revision based on patient evaluation. Results Evidence integration forms tool preliminary draft. The second round of coordination coefficients（Kendall’s W） was 0.344 and 0.341（P<0.05） respectively. The PDAs was evaluated by technical acceptance model. The perceived usefulness was（4.9±0.3） points，perceived usability was（4.3±0.7） points，and external features was（4.8±0.4） points. The PDAs framework included eight primary items：decision need assessment，cardiovascular risk assessment，information support，benefits and risks analysis，clarification of personal values，decision support process，tool information，tool improvement. Besides，it included eight primary items，33 secondary items and presentation format included color paper manual and electronic manual. Conclusion The health behavior PDAs for coronary heart disease is scientific and practical. It combines the best clinical evidence with patient values，therefore，provides health behavior decision suggestions for coronary heart disease patients.

Objective To explore the concept and definition of self-perception of ageing and its implications，and to provide theoretical references for in-depth research on self-perception of ageing. Methods A systematic searching of the literature was conducted in databases including CNKI，Wanfang，VIP，SinoMed，PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，CINAHL，and PsycINFO. The method of Walker and Avant conceptual analysis was used for analysis. Results A total of 57 articles were included and three attributes were identified incluing subjectivity and sociality，spanning the entire lifespan，and influencing individual behavioral tendencies. The antecedents of self-perception of ageing included general demographics，family and societal factors，as well as physiological and psychological factors. It influenced individuals’ health-promoting behaviors，cognition，psychology，health outcomes，as well as social participation. Conclusion The concept of self-perception of aging has not yet formed a clear and unified definition. Therefore，further analysis of the theoretical implications in the context of our national conditions is needed in the future. Such exploration will promote the application and development of the concept of self-perception of aging.

Objective To develop a nursing practice program for early intervention in end-of-life discussions with advanced cancer patients. Methods A literature review was conducted to extract relevant content from four evidence summaries，eight clinical practice guidelines，and four systematic reviews. Combined with interview results from eight nurses，an initial draft of a nursing practice plan for early intervention in end-of-life discussions with advanced cancer patients was developed. The protocol was refined through two rounds of experts consultation using the Delphi method. Results The effective response rate for both rounds of the Delphi survey was 100%；the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was 0.194 and 0.291，respectively，and the expert authority coefficient was 0.92. The final nursing practice program for early intervention in end-of-life discussion with advanced cancer patients includes 16 recommended topics：timing of the initial discussion，basic principles and objectives of the discussion，developing a discussion plan，communication attitudes and methods，communication skills and strategies，optimal participants for discussion，required professional skills for participants，discussion of physical symptoms，discussion of psychological emotions，discussion of social support，spiritual care discussion，care goals discussion，Chinese traditional culture in end-of-life discussion，timing for re-discussion，communication strategies for conflicting goals，and evaluation indicators for the discussion. Conclusion The nursing practice program developed in this study is rigorously constructed，with well-defined and practical themes that are suitable for guiding end-of-life discussions with patients in advanced-stage cancer.

Objective To systematically evaluate the incidence and related factors of apathy in Chinese stroke patients. Methods We searched PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，China Biomedical Literature Database，CNKI，VIP，and Wanfang databases for studies on the incidence of apathy in Chinese stroke patients and/or its related factors，with a search deadline from inception to January 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature，extracted data，and assessed the bias risk. Data analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 and RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 20 articles involving 3，135 patients were included. Meta analysis results showed that the incidence of apathy in Chinese stroke patients was 35.0%. The influencing factors for apathy in stroke patients included a stroke history（OR=2.75），diabetes（OR=2.39），NIHSS score（OR=1.27），cognitive function（OR=0.80），activity of daily living（OR=0.87），depression（OR=1.14），homocysteine（OR=1.17），multiple lesions（OR=13.24），frontal lobe lesions（OR=10.25），brain stem lesions（OR=11.65），pontine lesions（OR=3.92），basal ganglia lesions（OR=5.26）（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of apathy in stroke patients in China is relatively high and there are many influencing factors. Medical staffs should pay special attention to high-risk populations and take early relevant intervention measures.

Simulation teaching has been widely used in clinical nursing teaching as a new and effective educational strategy. Currently，professional teachers of nursing simulation teaching are insufficient. Besides，there is a lack of professional standardized training and qualification certification，making it difficult to ensure the teaching effect. High-quality teachers can provide effective development of nursing simulation teaching activities and assist the cultivation of nurses’ clinical practice ability. This paper focused on the characteristics and training objectives of clinical teachers in nursing simulation teaching，the training status of clinical teachers in nursing simulation teaching at home and abroad，and analyzed the challenges and prospects of clinical teacher training in nursing simulation teaching in China. The aim of the paper is to provide a reference for the cultivation of qualified clinical teachers in nursing simulation teaching in China，building a first-class teaching team，and promoting the quality of clinical nursing teaching.