Objective To construct a virtual simulation experiment teaching system of infectious disease nursing with viral hepatitis as an example and carry out a feasibility demonstration. Methods The virtual simulation experimental teaching system of viral hepatitis was designed and developed with the guidance of nursing process. The system was applied to the experimental teaching of nursing undergraduates. The effectiveness and feasibility of the system was evaluated by the score of virtual experiment operation，the number of operations per person，the duration of experiment and the satisfaction of students. Results The virtual simulation experimental teaching system of viral hepatitis was constructed with the diagnosis，treatment and nursing of viral hepatitis patients as the background case. According to the nursing process，it was divided into four modules：disease diagnosis，admission nursing，symptomatic nursing and discharge nursing. The four modules include a total of 14 interactive tasks，of which 5 interactive tasks set multiple paths. The average score of virtual experiment operation of 560 students was 80.02 ± 12.75 points，the total number of system usages was 698 times，used 1.25 times per person，and the average experiment duration was 61.30 ± 24.54 minutes. The overall satisfaction of students with the system was 96.96%. Conclusion The experimental teaching system constructed in this study has good effectiveness and feasibility，and can provide reference for the virtual simulation experiment teaching in infectious disease nursing for nursing undergraduates.

Objective To design a virtual simulation experimental project for nursing of acute leukemia patients and explore its application effects. Methods From the perspective of students，a virtual simulation experimental project for nursing of acute leukemia patients was constructed，which including four modules：knowledge preview，virtual simulation practice mode，virtual simulation test mode，and experimental evaluation and feedback. The project involved six categories of response actions，namely，safety，communication，assessment，intervention，medication/intravenous management，and effect evaluation. The project was applied to the experimental teaching of leukemia for 78 undergraduate nursing students from the 2020 and 2021 grades at one university. After the teaching，students’ training duration，number of visits，and experimental scores were collected. A self-designed questionnaire was used to invite students to evaluate the system and teaching effects. Results In the practice mode，students visited 3（1，5） times with an online training duration ranging from 29 to 346[53（48，132）] minutes，and the average practice score was（78.34±16.96） points. In the assessment mode，students scored（92.28±4.75） points with an exam duration of （45.09±5.23） minutes. Besides，84.6%（66/78） of students rated “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the system overall，78.2%（61/78） found the system “easy” or “very easy” to use，and 80.8%（63/78） considered the system “effective” or “very effective” in terms of effectiveness. Between 75.6% and 93.6% of students agreed that the virtual simulation experimental project had several positive teaching effects，including improving the ability to observe leukemia conditions，exercising clinical thinking in leukemia，enhancing nurse-patient communication skills，stimulating interest in learning about leukemia，improving leukemia nursing abilities and strengthening the spirit of humanistic care，and enhancing the level of related operational skills covered in the project. Conclusion The virtual simulation experimental project for nursing of acute leukemia patients is applicable and highly recognized by students for its effectiveness，laying a certain foundation of knowledge and skills for clinical practice in acute leukemia nursing.

Objective To explore the application effects of Generative Artificial Intelligence（Gen AI） in case design training for novice simulation instructors in ICUs. Methods In August 2024，40 ICU nurses participating in case design training for novice simulation instructors in ICUs at a hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group（n=20） and a control group（n=20） using a random number table method. The control group manually designed a simulation case after receiving theoretical training and assessments. In addition to receiving the same theoretical training and assessments as the control group，the experimental group underwent training on the use of Gen AI in simulation case design and designed a simulation case using Gen AI. The time taken for case design，training satisfaction scores，and case quality scores were compared between the two groups. Results The experimental group took（56.20±9.35） minutes for case design，which was shorter than the（181.35±22.13） minutes of the control group（P<0.05）. The training satisfaction score of the experimental group was 10（9，10），which was higher than the 9（8，10） of the control group（P<0.05）. In terms of case quality，there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in scores for the clarity and appropriateness of teaching objectives，the realism and detail of scenarios，and the design of evaluation and feedback mechanisms（P>0.05）. Meanwhile，the control group scored higher than the experimental group in the rationality and logic of scenario design，the scientific soundness and feasibility of interventions，the completeness and practicality of teaching materials，and the alignment of case difficulty to the target learners，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion Gen AI improves the case design speed of trainees participating in novice simulation instructor training in ICUs and enhances their satisfaction with the training. Gen AI holds great application potential in simulation case design though show no obvious advantages in rigor and professionalism. Further evaluation and review of content are needed when using Gen AI for simulation case design.

Objective To construct a simulation training system for nursing rescue in helicopter air evacuation，and explore its preliminary application effect in the practical teaching for undergraduate nursing students. Methods Based on real cases and the teaching objectives and in light of contents of Field and Disaster Nursing，a simulation teaching case for nursing rescue in air evacuation was devised. An aviation nursing simulation training platform modeled on the EC135 was established. A total of 15 undergraduate nursing students of the 2020 grade from our school were selected to participate in teaching practice. Teaching evaluation included four aspects：training system，case process，learning acquisition，and teaching methods. A teacher symposium was conducted after class to discuss experiences with applying the system in practical teaching and to provide evaluation feedback on the system. Results The survey showed that the students had a high evaluation in the following aspects including the system’s fidelity（4.39 ± 0.35），the logic of the case process（4.45 ± 0.62），the ability to improve case analysis（4.72 ± 0.43），the ability to deal with emergency injuries（4.74 ± 0.59），the innovation of teaching methods（4.80 ± 0.35），and the degree of stimulating students’ interest（4.82 ± 0.49）. Teachers affirmed a positive attitude towards the preliminary application of the system，acknowledging its active role in stimulating students’ learning interest and enhancing teaching effect，while also highlighting higher demands on teachers’ classroom teaching capabilities and the quality and efficiency of curriculum design. Conclusion Based on the helicopter airlift evacuation nursing rescue simulation training system，the practical teaching can take the change of the injury as the traction，reproduce the rescue scene on the plane，enrich the content and means of practical teaching，and be recognized by the students.

With the aging of China’s population and the growing demand for high-quality hospice care，it is particularly urgent to cultivate professional hospice caregivers. However，the lack of students’ interest in learning，the limited time and opportunities for hospice practice，and the defective authenticity of the teaching environment are challenges in hospice teaching. With the development of information technology，virtual reality（VR） technology has brought opportunities to solve these challenges. This article comprehensively reviews the application scenarios of virtual reality technology in hospice teaching，including the creation of practical situations，the path of technological realization，the form and place of VR operation，and the application effect，etc. Based on the review，this paper puts forward the shortcomings and suggestions，aiming to promoting the reform of hospice teaching and talent cultivation to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance.

Objective To design a teaching plan for the Humanistic Care in Nursing courses in undergraduate education and evaluate the effects of its application. Methods A teaching scheme for the Humanistic Care in Nursing courses was developed，which mainly included clarifying teaching objectives，integrating and optimizing teaching content，advancing teaching implementation，constructing teaching resources，and designing teaching evaluation. This scheme was applied to the nursing students enrolled in 2022 and 2023 academic years at our college. The teaching effects were evaluated through course grades，visual practice works on humanistic care，and semi-structured interviews with students. Results The course grades of 194 nursing undergraduate students averaged at（92±3） points，and a total of 20 visual practice works on humanistic care were produced. Through analyzing the interview data，five themes were extracted：creating a friendly and interactive scenario to promote deep interpersonal communication； improving students’ classroom participation，strengthening their status as the main body and engagement，and promoting the development of their academic literacy； helping students understand the essence of care and practice it，achieving the transfer and transformation of knowledge； facilitating the development of students’ comprehensive abilities； enhancing the effects of ideological and political education，and contributing to the cultivation of nursing talents with both ability and moral integrity. Conclusion The teaching of the Humanistic Care in Nursing courses in undergraduate education achieves good results，which effectively improving students’ practical ability in humanistic care and their level of humanistic literacy. Students have a high degree of recognition for this course.

The Nursing Ethics is a fundamental course for nursing students to learn how to make appropriate ethical decisions. To address the pain points such as the abstraction and difficulty in understanding theoretical knowledge，the relatively monolithic teaching methods（primarily case-based teaching），and the limitations of evaluation，the teaching team，centered on student development，has undertaken curriculum reform by reconstructing course objectives，integrating teaching content，creating and implementing an integrated curriculum and ideological and political education plan，optimizing teaching implementation，developing teaching resources，and refining teaching evaluation. These efforts have yielded good results and solidified the course construction. This article shares the construction pathway and effectiveness of the Nursing Ethics course，aiming to promote high-quality development in Nursing Ethics teaching and provide references for the construction and reform of similar courses.

The development of loose-leaf textbooks from the perspective of integrating“Job- Course-Competition-Certificate”is an inherent requirement and crucial measure for advancing the high-quality development of vocational education. Based on the analysis of the fundamental requirements for developing loose-leaf textbooks in vocational education within this integrated framework，this paper outlined the efforts made in constructing a loose-leaf textbook for the Common Nursing and Nursing Comprehensive Training course in higher vocational education. These efforts included clarifying the orientation of textbook development，forming a diverse and innovative team，clarifying the fundamental approach for textbook development，redesigning the textbook module system，determining contextualized loose-leaf content，and developing diversified digital resources. The project has achieved remarkable results and outcomes，which can provide reference for promoting high-quality textbook development and deepening educational and teaching reforms in nursing vocational education.

Objective To explore the application effect of the post-class reflection scaffolding in the perspective of deep learning in the teaching of Internal Medicine Nursing course in vocational colleges. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select second-year nursing students in a higher education institution in Jiangxi Province. These students were divided into an experimental group（54 students） or a control group（56 students） according to the class. The experimental group adopted a presentation-assimilation-discussion（PAD） class teaching model with a reflection scaffolding，including five phases：pre-class preparation，teaching new content，individual study，classroom discussion，and post-class reflection. Students completed three rounds reflective diary based on the scaffolding after class. Meanwhile，the control group adopted a routine PAD class teaching model without a reflection scaffolding. Effect evaluation included final examination，reflection log quality，Self-Reflection and Insight Scale，and Deep Learning Scale. Results The reflection log score in the third round of the experimental group was higher than that of the first round（t=8.590，P<0.001）. In post-teaching，the experimental group scored significantly higher in final examination，self-reflection insight and deep learning ability than the control group（t=4.605， 3.423，2.093，P<0.05）. Conclusion The PAD class teaching model with a post-class reflection scaffolding in the perspective of deep learning is helpful in improving the levels of reflective diary，enhancing students’ self-reflection insight and deep learning abilities，thereby enhancing teaching quality.

Objective To construct a modular training program for robotic-assisted surgery （RAS） nursing coordination and explore its effects. Methods A modular training program for RAS nursing coordination was developed through literature analysis，semi-structured interviews，group discussions，and Delphi method. A control group of 21 operating room nurses who received RAS nursing coordination training from January 2022 to December 2022 was selected and underwent conventional training. Another experimental group of 21 operating room nurses who received RAS nursing coordination training from January to December 2023 was selected and underwent training based on the modular training program for RAS nursing coordination. The theoretical knowledge and operational skills assessment scores，completion time of nursing coordination items，and surgeon satisfaction scores were collected and compared between the two groups. Results The experimental group showed better performance in theoretical knowledge and operational skills assessment scores，less completion time of nursing coordination items （including preoperative material preparation time，robotic arm protective sleeve installation time，robot 3D lens calibration time，time to move the bedside robotic arm to the designated position，intraoperative fault identification and handling time，and postoperative equipment sorting time），and higher surgeon satisfaction scores compared to the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The modular training program for RAS nursing coordination constructed in this study demonstrates scientific rigor and practicality，improving the knowledge and skill of operating room nurses related to RAS nursing coordination，shortening completion time of nursing coordination items，enhancing the satisfaction of RAS surgeons，therefore，contributing to the safety and quality of RAS surgeries.

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of oncology specialty nurses’ oncological nurse practice，so as to provide a reference for optimizing their training and use protocol. Methods A total of 216 oncology specialty nurses from Guangdong Province were recruited as participants by convenience sampling in March 2024. A general information questionnaire，the Oncological Nurse Practice Questionnaire of Oncology Specialty Nurses and the Nurse Practice Environment Scale were used for investigation. Results The score of oncology specialty nurses’ practice was （3.46±0.65），the average scores of each dimension in descending order were as following，clinical nursing （3.73±0.62），education （3.50±0.75），management and leadership （3.33±0.83），consulting （2.95±0.91），research（2.84±0.90）. The nurse practice environment，nurses self-evaluated the performance degree of job role，the carry out of out-of-hospital nursing consultation，undertaking specialist outpatient clinic，educational level，the type of medical institution，the categories of academic organizations for oncology specialty nurses training，professional title were found as the influencing factors. Conclusion The implementation of oncology specialty nurses’ oncological nurse practice should be improved，and the construction of nurse practice environment and undertaking specialty outpatient clinic and consultation work is helpful in promoting nursing practice behavior. It is necessary to explore the optimization of the training and use mechanism of oncology specialty nurses continuously.

Objective To establish a nursing management system for nurses across multiple campuses in large public hospitals，providing a foundation for the allocation and management of nursing human resources among different campuses. Methods Based on the 4P model of human resource management（Personality，Position，Performance，and Payment），a preliminary draft of the multi-campus hospital’s float pool nursing management system was formed through literature review and semi-structured interviews. Fifteen experts were invited to conduct Delphi method inquiries to construct a float pool nursing management system for multi-campus hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Results Two rounds of expert consultations were conducted，and the CV in the second round ranged from 0 to 0.19. The Kendall’s W values for the first，second，and third level indicators were 0.200，0.142，and 0.143，respectively（P<0.05）. The indexes of the multi-campus hospital float pool nursing management system were constructed，including four first-level indexes（Personality，Position，Performance，and Payment），eight second-level indexes and 46 third-level indexes. Conclusion The constructed management system for nurses practicing across multi-campus hospital campuses is scientific，reliable，comprehensive，and highly operable. It can serve as a reference for managing nursing human resources in multi-campus hospitals and for health administrative departments in implementing multi-point nursing practices.

Objective This study aims to compare and analyze the current status，hotspots，and trends in nursing leadership literature both domestically and internationally，thereby providing new insights and directions for future research. Methods Literature related to nursing leadership was retrieved from the CNKI and Web of Science core collection databases. Excel software was utilized to calculate the annual publication count，while software VOSviewer 1.6.18 was employed for keyword clustering analysis and average occurrence time assessment. Results The annual number of published papers has been increasing both at home and abroad； however，the pace and volume of international publications surpassed those of China. The analysis results of high-frequency keywords and burst terms indicated that transformational leadership was a common focus in both domestic and international literature. In addition，compared with foreign literature，the cultivation objects of nursing leadership in China was restricted，the depth of organizational culture construction was insufficient，and the development of related theories was weak. Conclusion China should enhance its emphasis on nursing leadership，clarify the development direction and key areas of nursing leadership based on national conditions and social background needs，enrich the connotation of nursing leadership，and improve the leadership training for nursing personnel in various medical-related institutions.

Objective To develop an educational program on dementia awareness and friendliness tailored for the youth. Methods A preliminary draft of the educational program was developed through literature analysis and semi-structured interviews with experts. From July 30，2024，to September 19，2024，the Delphi method was employed for two rounds of consultations with 20 experts in relevant fields to finalize the educational program. Results The effective response rates for the two rounds of expert surveys were 85%（17/20） and 100% （17/17），respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.806 and 0.844，respectively. The Kendall’s W coefficients were 0.176 and 0.247（P<0.001），respectively. The final version of educational program comprised five first primary items （expected outcomes，educational content，educational methods，educational faculty，and educational evaluation），17 secondary items，and 44 tertiary items. Conclusion The educational program on dementia awareness and friendliness among youth developed in this study demonstrates good scientific validity and reliability，providing a reference for demen-tia-friendly education in the future.

Objective To establish an evaluation index system for health education among high output stoma patients with low anterior resection of rectal cancer and preventive ileostomy so as to provide reference for clinical nurses to carry out targeted health education and guidance for prophylactic ileostomy patients with high output stoma. Methods Literature review，semi-structured interviews，as well as the Delphi method and Multi-dimensional Analytic Hierarchy Process were used to establish a framework of the evaluation index system based on the theory of Knowledge-Belief-Practice and set weighted value for each evaluation index. Results The response rates of the two rounds of expert consultations was 75% and 87%，respectively. The expert authority coefficients was 0.873 and 0.969，respectively. The total Kendall harmony coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultations were 0.267-0.338 and 0.377-0.397（P<0.05）. As a result，an evaluation index system of health education was developed which comprised three first-level indexes，13 second-level indexes and 63 third-level indexes for high output stoma patients with low anterior resection of rectal cancer and preventive ileostomy. Conclusion The evaluation index system can provide evidence and a practice tool for clinical nurses in conducting a comprehensive and efficient evaluation of health education among high output stoma patients with low anterior resection of rectal cancer and preventive ileostomy.

Objective To evaluate the quality of psychometric properties and methodological quality of the Chinese version instruments for measuring fear of falling（FOF） in the elderly，and to provide reference for healthcare professionals in selecting assessment tools. Methods Databases were searched to collect studies on the Chinese version instruments for measuring FOF in the elderly since their inception to May 15，2024，including PubMed，Embase，CINAHL，Web of Science，PsycInfo，CBM，CNKI，Wanfang Data，and VIP. After that，two researchers completed literature screening and data extraction independently. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments（COSMIN） guidelines were used to evaluate the assessment tools. Finally，recommendations were made. Results A total of 17 studies were included，involving 13 Chinese version instruments for measuring FOF in the elderly. None of them reported the cross-cultural validity and responsiveness. Through comparing，NHFSS was recommended as Category A，ABC-6 and GFFM were recommended as Category C，while the other 10 scales，including FFQ-R，were recommended as Category B. Conclusion NHFSS holds good content validity and is preferentially recommended for use，though only applicable in old adults in elderly care institutions. FFQ-R，which comprehensively and multidimensionally evaluates fear of falling in the elderly，can be initially recommended，but its psychometric properties need further validation.

Objective To develop a chained management protocol for arteriovenous graft（AVG） and explore its effects in clinical practice. Methods An AVG chained management protocol was constructed through literature review and expert consultation. End-stage renal disease patients who had underwent AVG angioplasty in a hospital from January 1，2021，to December 31，2022，were recruited as study participants. Based on their willingness to receive AVG chained management，patients were divided into an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group received an AVG chained management protocol，while the control group received routine care. The primary and secondary patency times within one year after AVG cannulation，the clinic follow-up rate within one year after entering the access follow-up period，and the multi-single puncture execution rate within one year after AVG cannulation were collected and compared between the two groups. Results A total of 204 eligible patients were included，with 123 in the experimental group and 81 in the control group. The median primary patency time within one year after AVG cannulation was 12.0（8.6，12.0） months in the experimental group and 10.0 （6.8，10.0） months in the control group（χ²=5.870，P=0.015）. The median secondary patency time was 12.0 （9.2，12.0） months and 12.0（8.4，12.0） months in experimental group and control group，respectively（χ²=8.343，P=0.004）. The clinic follow-up rate within one year after entering the access follow-up period and the multi-single puncture execution rate within one year after AVG cannulation were higher in the experimental group than that in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The implementation of the AVG chained management protocol is beneficial for prolonging AVG patency time in end-stage renal disease patients，improving patient adherence to clinic follow-up，and increasing the multi-single puncture execution rate.

Objective To summarize high-quality evidence-based evidence for volume management in peritoneal dialysis patients and provide a scientific reference for clinical practice. Methods Systematically searching was undertaken first for literature related to volume management in peritoneal dialysis patients in both domestic and international databases as well as relevant professional websites. Time limit was set from January 1，2012，to June 1，2024. After that，two researchers who had undergone systematic evidence-based knowledge training had done literature screening，quality assessment，evidence extraction，and synthesis based on clear inclusion and exclusion criteria independently. Results A total of 13 articles were included，comprising six guidelines，two expert consensuses，two evidence summaries，two systematic reviews，and one clinical decision. A total of 28 pieces of best evidence for volume management in peritoneal dialysis patients were summarized. Conclusion This study summarizes the best practice evidence for volume management in peritoneal dialysis patients，which holds certain practical value and provides robust evidence-based support for healthcare providers in managing the volume status of peritoneal dialysis patients.

Medical delay （including pre-hospital and in-hospital delay） is the main cause for the low thrombolytic rate in patients with central retinal artery occlusion. In this paper，we described the concept of medical delay and reviewed the influencing factors. The influencing factors of prehospital delay included demographic factors，symptom perception level，awareness and related knowledge level，visit and transport mode. Through reviewing，limited and inadequate medical resources，incomplete inter-hospital referral system，and lack of standardized treatment procedures were found to be the factors affecting in-hospital delay. After analysis，this paper suggested that sudden painless vision loss in one eye should be included in prehospital stroke assessment to improve public recognition of the disease. Besides，constructing the green channel of central retinal artery occlusion，speeding up the pre-diagnosis triage，diagnosis and treatment，shortening the time from door to needle were recommended to provide reference for improving the medical delay of patients with central retinal artery occlusion in the future.