The rapid development of information technology in the digital age has promoted the popularization of online teaching. Exploring new paths for the construction of digital and intelligent teaching resources empowered by artificial intelligence based on the “New Medicine” concept，and building high-quality online teaching resources for nursing education，have become the mission and challenge for nursing educators. Considering the new requirements of leading the construction of digital teaching resources for nursing education through artificial intelligence，this paper reviewed and analyzed the current status and deficiencies of online teaching resources of nursing education，and proposed reflections and suggestions from four aspects：strengthening top-level teaching design，enhancing digital literacy among teaching staffs and students，optimizing the content and format of online resources，and improving policy and technical support. The paper aims to provide certain references for promoting the construction of high-quality online teaching resources of nursing.

As an important core course of nursing，Medical Nursing plays a fundamental role in cultivating nursing students’ competence and ability to solve clinical practical problems. Aiming at the pain points of weak clinical thinking and humanistic care in Medical Nursing teaching，Xiangya School of Nursing had carried out cooperation among college and hospitals to build digital-based teaching resources，which has achieved good teaching results. It is also conducive for the training of double-qualified teachers，and will provide feasible strategies for developing first-class mixed courses.

Objective To address the issues of limited teaching resources and insufficient practical opportunities in traditional nursing experimental teaching，this study introduced the development and practice of a cardiovascular emergency virtual simulation experiment project based on extended reality（XR） technology. Methods Using symbolic interactionism，connectionism，and behaviorism as theoretical framework，the experimental resources for the “Cardiovascular Emergency Virtual Simulation Experiment Based on XR Technology in a Multidimensional Environment” were developed，which consists of two modules：Basic Life Support（BLS） and Advanced Life Support（ALS）. In the basic module，augmented reality（AR） holographic imaging technology，with guidance from an “intelligent virtual mentor”，provides students with intuitive instructions on basic life support processes and key actions，offering real-time visual feedback，combining virtual and real elements to enhance learning outcomes. In the advanced life support module，a virtual environment based on new respiratory infectious disease cardiovascular emergency cases was constructed，allowing students to learn ALS procedures online using WebGL technology and train emergency response thinking. The virtual reality（VR） immersive environment allows students to engage in interactive practice. The virtual simulation experiment project was applied in the courses of “Nursing Skills Enhancement Training” and “Basic Nursing Science”. An interceptive follow-up evaluation was conducted to assess the subjective experiences of participating students and teachers. Results The teachers and students who participated in the virtual simulation experiment teaching project expressed satisfaction with the overall quality of the course. The teachers believed that the experiment could help them to alleviate teaching stress and allow more time for teaching more complex operational difficulties. Meanwhile，students generally provided strong feedback on their immersion and participation in experiments，and were able to sensitively correct operational changes，which was helpful in improving skill proficiency and practical confidence. This course had been rated as a first-class undergraduate course in virtual simulation experimental teaching at the national level. Conclusion This project is one of the successful cases of applying XR technology to nursing experimental teaching. It offers rich experimental scenarios and personalized teaching models，thereby enhancing students’ learning motivation and participation，as well as improving professional skills.

Textbooks play a fundamental role in ensuring the quality of teaching and talent cultivation. Currently，the content and supplementary resources of textbooks used by students in higher vocational nursing majors are relatively limited. Once published，the content becomes fixed and cannot be updated in time with the development of the discipline，leading to a disconnection between teaching and practice. Therefore，textbook development has become an urgent task for improving the quality of education in higher vocational nursing majors. Through a series of work including outlining the objectives and requirements for textbook development，assembling a textbook compilation team that integrates medical education，clarifying the textbook system and structural framework，optimizing textbook content，constructing digital resources and cloud platforms，and carrying out editing and proofreading processes，we have organized and developed “Internet +” integrated textbooks for nursing majors in higher vocational education. These textbooks aim to enhance the teaching quality of nursing programs in higher vocational schools and cultivate more competitive nursing talents. This paper summarized the compilation path and achievements of “Internet +” integrated textbooks for higher vocational nursing majors，aiming to provide useful references for teaching reform and textbook development in this field.

Objective Developing and apply a new form of loose leaf teaching material Comprehensive Care Experimental Training Guide for the Elderly to the course of Comprehensive Simulation Training of Elderly Nursing，and explore its application effect. Methods A class of Grade 2021 in higher vocational nursing major （geriatric nursing） of a nursing school was selected as the control group（n=41），and another class of Grade 2022 was selected as the experimental group（n=50） through a convenience sampling. Both groups of students had the same starting time，hours，content，staff and conditions，and both had chosen “Integrated care for dementia and disability” as a reference textbook. In addition，the experimental group used a new form of loose leaf training guidance textbook Integrated Care for the Elderly. At the end of the course，comprehensive scene simulation assessment result was compared between the two groups，and semi-structured interviews were adopted to understand the experience in using textbooks. Results The total score of the experimental group for the two courses was（89.19±3.05），while the score of the control group was（80.82±4.03），and the difference was statistically significant（t=10.985，P<0.001）. Besides，four themes were identified through interviews，namely highlighting the concept of inquiry based learning，emphasizing people-centered learning，promoting self-directed learning，and reflecting the integration of job，class，and competition. Conclusion The new form of loose leaf textbook of Comprehensive Care Experimental Training Guide for the Elderly highlights the characteristics of elderly nursing profession care and the function of “learning materials”. It plays a guiding role in pre class preparation，in class guidance，and post class reinforcement，facilitating students’ inquiry based learning and enhancing their self-learning experience and sense of achievement. In the future，it is necessary to expand the scope of use and collect information on its use in other colleges for further research.

Objective To explore the effect of a teaching method for arrhythmia ECG by using arrhythmia-related cardiac conduction system animation. Methods A total of 83 undergraduate nursing students of grade 2019 and 2020 of Guangxi Medical University interning in cardiology department from July 2022 to March 2024 were selected and divided into the control group（40 cases from grade 2019） and the experimental group（43 cases from grade 2020）. The experimental group was taught by the method for arrhythmia ECG by using arrhythmia-related cardiac conduction system animation design，while the control group was taught by traditional teaching methods. The accuracy of arrhythmia ECG and teaching satisfaction was compared between two groups as evaluation indicators of the clinical teaching. Results The accuracy of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=39.459，P<0.001）. The teaching satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in all dimensions，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion The teaching method of arrhythmia-related cardiac conduction system animation design is helpful for the understanding of the principles of arrhythmia in nursing students，and the accuracy of interpretation and teaching satisfaction.

Adhering to pedagogical principles，nursing education utilizes educational theories and methodologies to investigate phenomena and issues within profession to enhance quality of talent training. On the basis of expounding the connotation and characteristics of educational research，this paper summarized and analyzed the common pedagogy research methods and their application，discussed the present situation and development trend of nursing education research. The review is expected to provide nursing educators with ideas for further reflection，improvement and innovation of nursing education.

Environment is a comprehensive educational power that influences and shapes personal. Based on the ecological perspective，I-E-O（Input-Environment-Outcome） conceptual framework，the evidence-based nursing team has built an evidence-based education ecological environment for the whole process of nursing professional talent training（from enrollment to graduation） and all-round（from all aspects of the first class to various activities in the second class），including physical ecological environment，classroom ecological environment and practical ecological environment. It enables students to fully immerse in the educational ecological environment with strong “evidence-based” atmosphere，and realize the all-round development effects in evidence-based ability，scientific research thinking，innovation ability，professional identity，and comprehensive literacy. Focusing on evidence-based education ecological environment’s design，paths，effects and so on，this paper aims to provide reference for enhancing the effect of environmental education in nurturing talent.

Objective A practical course of death education was established in order to improve the humanistic care ability of medical students and reduce their fear of death. Methods Based on the concept of outcome-oriented education，a social practice learning program for death education that aligns with the characteristics of medical professions has been developed. An “immersive” teaching format was integrated throughout five major life themes：the journey of life，the power of care，thoughts on death，farewell day and self-care. In 2022-2023，the social practice project was successfully implemented in two rounds. The effects of learning and emotional changes among medical students were assessed using the Care Ability Inventory and Death Attitude Profile-Revised. At the same time，observational method and material collection method were employed to refine and analyze students’ learning achievements and growth changes. Results Among the 65 students，there was a significant improvement in scores related to care cognition after learning（P<0.05），and scores for death anxiety and death avoidance also showed improvement compared to before（P<0.05）. In addition，students’ learning harvest was summarized into five theme categories：experiencing care，providing care；learning gratitude and cherishing practical actions；confronting death and transforming death cognition；understanding life and exploring the meaning of life；undertaking the mission and continuing the spirit of great doctors. Conclusion Through the social practice learning in Life Care and Death Education，the students’ awareness of life care is enhanced，the fear of death is reduced. The students change from ideological self-knowledge to behavioral consciousness，and constantly improve their life care literacy and care ability in the action of participating in life care and end-of-life care.

Objective To explore the effect of comparative ward rounds with typical cases in clinical teaching of the nursing of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods A total of 72 nursing students who interned in the Hepatobiliary Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from April 2022 to March 2024 were selected as the participants. These participants were divided into experimental group （n=36） or control group（n=36） by numerical randomization method. While the control group received routine nursing rounds according to the specialized teaching outline，the experimental group received comparative teaching rounds of typical cases. The improved version of Mini Clinical Exercise Evaluation（Mini-CEX） scale was used to compare the effect of the two groups of nursing students and their mastery of specialized theoretical knowledge and operational skills of Chinese medicine. Results After the training，the Mini-CEX score of the experimental group was better than that of the control group（P<0.05）. The experimental group was better than the control group in nursing consultation，nursing plan，nursing skills，health education，and organizational efficiency（P<0.05）. After the training，there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in nursing physical examination and humanistic care（P>0.05）. The difference in operational assessment scores between nursing students before and after training was statistically significant（P<0.05），while the difference in operational assessment scores between the two groups after training was not（P>0.05）. Conclusion The clinical teaching effect of comparative nursing rounds in typical cases is effective，which can improve the nursing students’ ability and theoretical mastery of the nursing of Chinese medicine，and provide references for the reform of clinical practice teaching mode in Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing.

Objective To gain an in-depth understanding of the motivations and experiences of vocational nursing students participating in vocational skills competitions. Methods Through purposeful sampling，semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 vocational nursing students from three vocational colleges in Hunan Province who participated in the 2024 Hunan Provincial Vocational College Skills Competition between December 2023 and January 2024. The interview data were analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method. Results A total of three themes and ten sub-themes were extracted：internal and external motivations leading to active participation （desire for self-improvement；attraction to exemption from entrance exams for further education；inspiration from role models and peers）；facing multiple challenges and difficulties during preparation（high psychological pressure，easy emotional instability；lack of participation in decision-making；insufficient access to timely and effective psychological counseling and positive feedback）；gaining benefits and insights from participation （increased self-confidence，professional identity and career orientation；learned emotional management and self-motivation；enhanced self-efficacy；gained friendship and learned gratitude）. Conclusion The motivations of vocational nursing students participating in vocational skills competitions are influenced by both internal and external factors. They face multiple pressures during preparation and gain growth through participating. Nursing educators should provide comprehensive support for students，with particular attention to their mental health；strengthen team building，and continuously optimize competition training models.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of academic self-efficacy between medical education environment and readiness for interprofessional collaborative learning. Methods Using convenience sampling method，a total of 344 undergraduate nursing students were recruited from five colleges and universities in Jilin Province from March to April 2022. Questionnaire survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire，Academic Self-Efficacy Scale，Medical Education Environment Rating Scale and Interprofessional Cooperative Learning Readiness Scale. Results The academic self-efficacy score of 344 undergraduate nursing students was（74.78±10.71） points，the medical education environment score was（136.17±25.38） points，and the interprofessional collaborative learning readiness score was（71.50±9.57） points. The results of the Pearson’s analysis showed a positive correlation between academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students and scores of the medical education environment（r=0.561，P<0.05）. In addition，academic self-efficacy was positively correlated with interprofessional collaborative learning readiness score（r=0.476，P<0.05）；and medical education environment was positively correlated with interprofessional collaborative learning readiness score（r=0.620，P<0.05）. Academic self-efficacy had a partial mediating effect between medical education environment and readiness for interprofessional collaborative learning，with the mediating effect of 28.34%. Conclusion Academic self-efficacy of belonging plays a mediating role between the medical education environment and readiness for collaborative interprofessional learning. Nursing educators can improve undergraduate nursing students’ readiness for interprofessional collaborative learning by improving the medical education environment and enhancing their academic self-efficacy.

Objective Through developing the model of multi-specialty nursing collaborative rounds for critical illness patients led by specialty nurses，to solve nursing problems through teamwork and enhancing the levels of clinical thinking and cooperation ability of specialty nurses. Methods By revising the management system of multi-specialty nursing collaboration，a three-level management structure comprising the nursing department，specialty groups，and nursing units was established to ensure the smooth execution of multi-specialty collaborative nursing. Besides，through combining multi-disciplinary treatment（MDT） and the EDIPT framework（empathize，define，ideate，prototype，test），a collaborative nursing rounds procedure of “multi-specialty integration and interdisciplinary collaboration” was developed. In the year 2023，a total of 12 multi-specialty nursing collaborative rounds were conducted using an integrated approach of online and offline methods. Pre and post the rounds，a questionnaire was administered to collect feedback from the 36 specialty nurses participated. Another satisfaction survey was conducted using a questionnaire among 212 specialty nurses who learned in the rounds，focusing on the benefits of such rounds for clinical thinking practice. Results In 2023，the study successfully addressed challenges related to critical organ transplantation care，complex wound care，and vascular access establishment through the implementation of collaborative rounds. Moreover，these efforts led to the publication of nine high-level academic papers on relevant cases. After implementation，the interprofessional teamwork scores of the 36 participating specialty nurses were significantly higher compared to their scores prior to such rounds（103.86±7.15 vs 98.06±13.32，t=2.481，P=0.018）. In the end，over 2 000 participants engaged in the rounds，either online or offline. Among them，212 specialty nurses who learned in the rounds reported an average satisfaction score of 4.68. Conclusion The multi-specialty nursing collaborative rounds model facilitate the sharing of high-quality specialty nursing resources within the hospital，and address nursing problems faced by critical illness patients effectively. This study provides valuable insights into the enhancement of teamwork ability and clinical thinking among specialty nurses.

Objective To explore the reform methods，curriculum optimization and practical effects of trauma nursing training in China. Methods The course feedback and effect tracking of China Trauma Care Training-nurse program 1.0 nurses in China were analyzed，and 2.0 project was designed by the experts according to the early training effect and the feedback of the nurses. Post-reform training was conducted among 1 499 nurses from July to December 2023 based on the basic theoretical content of the online platform，the knowledge of the case internalization，the upgrading of the team workshop，and the improvement of the assessment content. The effect of the reform was evaluated through the assessment and satisfaction survey of the nurses. Results A total of 1 452 nurses completed the assessment. After the training，the theoretical assessment score reached（84.40±11.76），which was higher than that before the training（69.63±15.77）（t=4.152，P<0.001）. Besides，the whole process of trauma treatment and cooperation assessment score was（83.10±9.49） and the satisfaction rating of the trainees to the training was above four points. Conclusion The post-reform China Trauma Care Training-nurse can effectively improve the nurses’ theoretical knowledge，practical ability and teamwork ability through multi-dimensional optimization，and is recognized by the nurses.

Implementing advanced nursing practice conducted by advanced practice nurses（APNs） holds significant importance for optimizing resource allocation，providing personalized nursing services，enhancing interdisciplinary collaboration and systematic patient management，elevating the professional expertise of nursing staff，as well as promoting the overall development of hospitals. Based on the Brown framework for advanced nursing practice，the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiangsu Province has established an APN-led advanced nursing practice model for gastric cancer care，encompassing environmental considerations，role requirements，and practical content. After clinical practice and outcome evaluation，positive results have been achieved，providing valuable references for the utilization of APNs and the implementation of advanced nursing practice in China.

Objective To explore the application effect of Virtual Reality（VR） technology combined with scenario simulation health education in elderly patients undergoing painless gastroscopy. Methods A total of 180 elderly patients（≥65 years old） who underwent painless gastroscopy in a tertiary hospital in Shaanxi Province from January 2023 to October 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method. They were randomly divided into trial group and control group with 90 cases in each group. The experimental group accepted VR scene simulation health education，while the control group accepted routine health education. The anxiety scores，heart rates，blood pressures，positioning time for painless gastroscopy，first-time success rates，and doctors’ evaluations of patients’ cooperation abilities were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results After the intervention，the experimental group showed lower anxiety scores，blood pressure，and positioning time for painless gastroscopy compared to the control group. Additionally，the first-time success rate for painless positioning and doctors’ evaluations of patients’ cooperation abilities were higher in the experimental group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion The method of combining VR with situational simulation health education can effectively alleviates anxiety in elderly patients，enhances their understanding of painless gastroscopy，and improves compliance with medical advice，ensuring the smooth conduct of the examination.

Objective To construct and explore the implementation effect of a voice follow-up system among patients with hypertension and diabetes. Methods A medical knowledge base was established based on the manual telephone follow-up data of 4 087 patients with hypertension and diabetes in the hospital in the past 5 years. A speech template was formed and a voice follow-up system based on intelligent speech technology was constructed. Patients discharged from the Department of Internal Medicine with diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes mellitus from April 2022 to March 2023 were recruited as the study participants. The voice follow-up system was applied to replace the traditional manual follow-up method among these patients. Effect of patient follow-up，the accuracy of data collection，the accuracy of man-machine answering，and the satisfaction of follow-up was collected. Results The total number of follow-up visits was 1 489，and the follow-up success rate was 73.7%. Five hundred patients were randomly selected from the group of follow-up successful patients for the analysis of follow-up recording data. The difference in the follow-up success rate of patients with different age was statistically significant（χ²=38.861，P<0.001）. Besides，the accuracy rate of data collection for patients with or without previous follow-up experience（χ²=4.970，P=0.026） and the accuracy rate of man-machine answering（χ²=7.010，P=0.008） differences were both statistically significant. In addition，different literacy levels（χ²=13.467，P=0.001），and age groups（χ²=15.062，P=0.002），accuracy of patients’ human-computer responses were statistically significant and the satisfaction rate of the follow-up visit was 91.2%. Conclusion The voice follow-up system has good acceptance and practicability among hypertensive and diabetic patients，can save manpower，improve the efficiency of follow-up，and is more suitable for people with younger age，higher education level，and familiar with the hospital follow-up process. The voice follow-up system is worthy of popularization and application in the future.

Objective To translate the Insulin Treatment Self-Management Scale（IT-SMS） into Chinese and test its reliability and validity in the Chinese context，providing a scientific assessment tool for self-management of insulin therapy among diabetic patients in China. Methods The original IT-SMS was translated into Chinese using the Brislin translation model. Following cross-cultural adaptation and a pilot survey，the Chinese version of the IT-SMS was developed. From October 2023 to March 2024，a questionnaire survey was conducted using a general demographic questionnaire and the Chinese IT-SMS among diabetic patients undergoing insulin therapy who were conveniently sampled from the endocrinology department of a tertiary hospital in Shanghai. Reliability and validity of the Chinese IT-SMS were assessed. Results The Chinese version of the IT-SMS contained 31 items in four dimensions，namely，behavior（8 items），cognition（10 items），emotion（8 items），and attitude（5 items）. The I-CVI of the scale was 0.833-1.000，and the S-CVI was 0.974. Four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis，and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 59.902%. The total Cronbach’s α coefficient of the Chinese version of IT-SMS was 0.928，the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.883，and split-half reliability coefficient was 0.763. For the four dimensions，Cronbach’s α coefficients ranged from 0.873 to 0.919，test-retest reliability coefficients from 0.819 to 0.875，and split-half reliability coefficients from 0.858 to 0.923. Conclusion The Chinese version of IT-SMS has good reliability and validity，and is applicable to the evaluation of insulin treatment self-management among Chinese diabetic patients.

Objective To investigate the current situation of the recommendation degree of the combined medical and elderly care services for the older adults living in the institutions in Xianning City and in order to provide reference for improving the quality of the services. Methods A total of 216 elderly residents from 11 municipal exemplary the combined medical and elderly care institutions in Xianning City were recruited by convenience sampling. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general information，the understanding，satisfaction and recommendation degree of the elderly living in these institutions. Results Among 216 elderly residents，163（75.5%） recommended the combination of medical and elderly care services，42（19.4%） generally recommend it，and 11（5.1%） did not recommend it. Single factor analysis showed the comparison of the recommendation degree of elderly people was significant different among participants with spouse or not（Z=2.379，P=0.017）. Besides，a number of factors were positively correlated with the recommendation degree of the combined medical and elderly care services for the elderly living in the institutions including the understanding degree of the combined medical and elderly care services（r=0.242，P<0.001），the satisfaction degree of institutional overall services（r=0.169，P=0.013），the satisfaction degree of medical services（r=0.309，P<0.001），dietary status（r=0.304，P<0.001），institutional environment，hardware facilities（r=0.195，P=0.004） and staff service levels（r=0.198，P=0.003）. Conclusion The recommendation degree of the combined medical and elderly care services for elderly living in the institutions in Xianning City is relatively high. It is recommended to increase policy support，strengthen publicity to improve the traditional concepts of the elderly. At the same time，institutions need to further enhance the supply of medical services and the diet health management ability of the elderly，and pay more attention to the psychological comfort services of the elderly，so as to continuously improve the quality of the combined medical and elderly care services.

Objective To analyze the definition and connotation of information overload in patients with chronic diseases，explore its antecedents and consequences，and provide a theoretical basis for future related research. Methods A literature search was conducted on information overload related articles in PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，CINAHL，CBM，Wanfang Data，CNKI，and VIP databases. Walker and Avant’s classic concept analysis method was employed to analysis information overload among chronic disease patients. Results A total of 24 articles were included. The defining attributes of information overload included excessive input of health information，consumption of cognitive resources，and decreased effective utilization of health information. The predisposing factors consist of information environmental factors，cognitive factors，psychosocial factors，technological anxiety，demographic characteristics，and perceived barriers. The consequences were mainly categorized into three aspects：cognitive，emotional，and behavioral. The measurement tools applicable to chronic disease patients include the Cancer Information Overload Scale，the Heart Health Information Overload Scale and the Information Overload Questionnaire. Conclusion Currently，research on information overload among chronic disease patients in China is still in its early stages. The causes of this phenomenon are diverse，and the consequences are significant. Moreover，there are scant specific assessment tools tailored to the Chinese context for evaluating information overload among chronic disease patients. Therefore，more in-depth and comprehensive research should be conducted in the future to address information overload among chronic disease patients.