As the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation advances rapidly，breakthroughs in critical scientific issues and core technologies urgently call for in-depth cross-disciplinary integration and collaboration. The aging population and the increasing burden in chronic diseases have made traditional nursing theories and techniques unable to meet the health needs in the new era. Therefore，promoting interdisciplinary research between nursing and other fields has become an inevitable trend. This article elaborates on relevant policies，the current state of interdisciplinary nursing research，and analyzes the existing problems of difficulties including difficulties in breaking down disciplinary barriers，a shortage of interdisciplinary talents，and inadequate evaluation standards. It proposes four considerations：aiming to solve major complex health problems to break down disciplinary barriers；relying on the construction of interdisciplinary research platforms to strengthen the cultivation of interdisciplinary talent；leveraging joint applications for major research projects as an opportunity to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration and exchange；and taking the establishment of sound evaluation systems as a guide to accelerate the translation of research findings into practice.

Under the dual impetus of the in-depth implementation of the Healthy China strategy and the transformation and upgrading of the healthcare service system，the demand for compound nursing talents with interdisciplinary capabilities in the medical industry is becoming increasingly prominent. This project leverages two first-tier disciplines，i.e.，“Nursing” and “Public Administration” at a university in Heilongjiang Province to establish a dual-bachelor’s degree program. Its curriculum seamlessly integrates nursing courses with the “Health Management” specialization courses within Public Administration，aiming to foster compound professionals equipped with both core clinical nursing skills and health management expertise. This study takes the dual-degree program above as a practical case. Based on the theory of interdisciplinary integration，it explores and constructs a modular curriculum system based on the three-stage linkage training system of “demand research-curriculum integration-case teaching” and the three dimensions of “basic quality-professional ability-cross-innovation” so as to explore the training model for compound health management talents in the new era. In terms of teaching practice，an innovative “case-driven” teaching model has been constructed，which integrates diversified teaching methods such as situational simulation and project-based learning，effectively enhancing students’ practical ability to deal with complex health management situations. By establishing a cross-disciplinary teaching community of “dual-teacher collaboration”，building a smart teaching platform，developing integrated teaching materials and establishing diversified assessment mechanisms，a new model for cultivating compound talents that can be promoted is formed，providing important practical value for the reform of medical education and the construction of new medical science.

In the context of developing New Liberal Arts，the School of Nursing at Soochow University Medical College leverages the rich cultural heritage of a comprehensive university nurtured by Wu Culture and its strengths in humanities and social sciences to develop and implement an innovative nursing talent cultivation program that integrates professional expertise with humanistic values. Under the Western Region Talent Development Special Program，the college has designed an outstanding nursing education program，designing a comprehensive nursing talent cultivation program that emphasizes the educational philosophy of “solid theory，strong skills，compassionate care，and high competence”. It continuously refines training strategies，establishing a new talent cultivation model characterized by “one core with two wings”（professional depth with human warmth）. A humanistic education curriculum system has been developed，featuring “general education as the foundation，professional integration，and practical expansion”. Up to date，nearly a thousand exceptional nursing professionals who embody both professional expertise and humanistic literacy have been trained，earning high praise from employers. This research offers valuable insights for the cultivation of outstanding nursing talent in higher education institutions.

Objective To develop the course Strategies and Methods for AI-Empowered Nursing Research and Practice and evaluate the effect of its teaching practice. Methods On the basis of establishing a course development and teaching team with multidisciplinary backgrounds，the course Strategies and Methods for AI-Empowered Nursing Research and Practice was designed. The main steps included：defining course objectives；designing teaching content，methods and implementation；developing course resources. From September to November 2024，teaching practice was implemented among 55 first-batch elective students who elected this public optional course. The teaching practice effect was comprehensively evaluated through students’ course scores，the results of students’ course satisfaction survey，and interviews on students’ course gains etc. Results Among the 55 students，there were 14 doctoral students and 41 master level students. In terms of academic background，50 students had a major in Nursing. Of the remaining 5 students，2 were from the major of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology，and the other 3 were from the majors of Medical Systems Biology，Surgery，and Pediatrics respectively. For students’ course grades：12 students（22%） received a grade of A，31 students（56%） received A^-，and 12 students（22%） received B⁺. The average score of course satisfaction was（8.30±1.72）. Four themes were derived from students’ interview data：1） the course content was highly enlightening；2） discussion-based teaching enhanced students’ sense of gain；3） perceived practicality of the course；4） expectations and suggestions，including adding courses related to basic AI knowledge，increasing practical operations and project incubation training，involving more interdisciplinary teachers in teaching，and making teaching focus more prominent to address clinical pain points directly. Conclusion The teaching practice of the course Strategies and Methods for AI-Empowered Nursing Research and Practice has achieved good results. Its content and format have been widely recognized by students，providing a reference and demonstration for the cultivation of innovative talents in nursing research and clinical practice in the AI era.

Objective To explore the development of a Dental Nursing Micro-Specialty program and to assess undergraduate nursing students’ learning experiences and educational outcomes，with the aim of informing nursing education reform and the cultivation of dental nursing professionals. Methods The Dental Nursing Micro-Specialty consists of 12 courses，including theoretical instruction，laboratory training，and clinical internships. A total of 20 undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the program in both 2021 and 2022. Upon completion，an anonymous teaching evaluation was conducted via the online platform，and academic performance data were collected through the university’s academic management system. Results A total of six students completed all courses and received certification，with an average final score of（93.23 ± 2.07）. Most students chose the program due to personal interest in dental care or long-term career planning. The majority of students expressed satisfaction with the overall course design and believed that the program enhanced their professional competence and career development. While students evaluated course content，workload，and teaching arrangements positively，some suggested improvements in clinical internship scheduling. Conclusion The Dental Nursing Micro-Specialty represents a meaningful attempt to enhance the professional knowledge and practical skills of undergraduate nursing students. However，further optimization of the curriculum and clinical training arrangements is needed to better meet students’ developmental needs.

This article aims to introduce a novel nursing talent cultivation model adopted by Southwest Medical University，which incorporates six key measures such as the integration of Party building and ideological and political education，and the parallel development of theory and practice. Driven by the construction of first-class curriculum system under the framework of the Ministry of Education’s “Double Ten Thousand Plan”（for first-class undergraduate majors and curricula），this model was developed in response to the bottlenecks in the development of nursing programs in western Chinese universities. Under the current higher education governance framework for western Chinese universities，this model serves as a crucial exploration to enhance the quality of undergraduate nursing talent cultivation amid large-scale enrollment and diverse student backgrounds. It can provide a reference for nursing talent cultivation in other western universities.

The MOOC westbound synchronous classes initiative represents a significant effort to address the imbalance of educational resources between eastern and western China. It also aligns with national goals to strengthen the sense of community for the Chinese nation，promote regional cultural exchange and integration，and enhance the overall quality of nursing talent cultivation. This article introduces how Sun Yat-sen University and Xinjiang Medical University teams employed the “analysis-design-development-implementation-evaluation”（ADDIE） model to collaboratively develop and deliver the eight class hours of teaching content in the Nursing Management course within the framework of the MOOC Westbound Program. Through online learning and conference platforms，the two teams established a synchronized classroom model that enabled teachers and students from different regions to engage in a shared learning experience. This approach covered the entire course cycle，including design，implementation，and evaluation，ensuring high-quality teaching resource sharing across institutions. Furthermore，the article presents the preliminary outcomes of the initiative from the perspectives of both students and teachers. It aims to promote effective teaching practices，optimize the cross-regional collaborative education model for cultivating nursing talent，and serve as a reference for similar classroom construction and reform.

Objective To understand the gains of nursing interns in the situational simulation teaching of discussing the end-of-life needs of patients in hospice care，as well as their suggestions for the teaching. MethodsUsing the convenient sampling method，24 nursing students interning in 5 tertiary grade A hospitals in Hangzhou City from September to December 2024 were selected as the participants. They received situational simulation teaching on identification of end-of-life needs of hospice patients，using the Heart to Heart Cards as the teaching medium. After the teaching，all nursing interns were surveyed using the Heart to Heart Cards Participant Evaluation Form，and 8 nursing interns were purposefully selected as interviewees for one-on-one semi-structured interviews to understand the interns’ gains in the teaching and their suggestions for the teaching. Results All nursing interns considered the learning based on the Heart to Heart Cards a very meaningful experience；among them，23 thought that discussing death-related topics with the help of the Heart to Heart Cards was relatively easier. Four themes were extracted from the interview data：teaching stimulates students’ learning initiative，teaching drives the internalization of students’ communication skills，teaching facilitates the deepening of students’ cognition，and students expect the teaching to be optimized in two aspects：case types and teaching duration. Conclusion The situational simulation teaching of confirmation about end-of-life needs of hospice patients integrated with the Heart to Heart Cards can mobilize nursing interns’ initiative in learning relevant teaching content，and to a certain extent，help cultivate their end-of-life communication and humanistic care abilities. Nursing interns hold a positive attitude toward integrating the Heart to Heart Cards into this end-of-life communication situational simulation. In the future，the teaching needs to be further optimized in combination with the suggestions of nursing interns.

Objective To explore the application effect of checklist teaching in the clinical teaching of undergraduate nursing interns in the operating room. Methods A total of 79 undergraduate nursing students who interned in the operating room of a hospital in Zhengzhou from July 2024 to February 2025 were selected as the research participants，and the nursing students were divided into 40 students in the control group and 39 in the experimental group according to the admission time. The control group of nursing students was taught by traditional teaching，and the experimental group adopted checklist teaching，and the theoretical and operational assessment results，operating room clinical practice ability，and teaching satisfaction of the two groups were compared at the time of discharge. Results The scores of theoretical and operational assessment scores，clinical practice ability and teaching satisfaction in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The checklist-based teaching method provides interns with a series of checklists with the characteristics of operating room nursing，making the learning content and key points clearer and more specific，which helps to improve the learning effectiveness of interns and enhance their practical ability in operating room nursing. This teaching method has been well recognized by interns.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of self-control between the clinical learning environment and academic procrastination among master of nursing specialist（MNS） postgraduates. Methods A convenient sampling method was adopted. From January to March 2025，a survey was conducted among MNS postgraduates who were in the clinical practice stage and came from four universities in Sichuan Province. The general information questionnaire，the Clinical Learning Environment Evaluation Scale for Master of Nursing Specialist Postgraduates，the Short Self-Control Scale，and the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire for Graduate Students were employed for assessment. Results A total of 215 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The scores of clinical learning environment，self-control，and academic procrastination of the 215 MNS postgraduates were（129.80±23.06），（25.60±4.62），and（12.23±3.94） points，respectively. The academic procrastination score was negatively correlated with the scores of self-control（r=-0.411，P<0.001） and clinical learning environment（r=-0.323，P<0.001），while the clinical learning environment score was positively correlated with the self-control score（r=0.570，P<0.001）. Self-control played a complete mediating role between the clinical learning environment and academic procrastination of MNS postgraduates，with a mediating effect value of -0.328（95%CI：-0.525~-0.168，P=0.005）. Conclusion The clinical learning environment influences the academic procrastination behavior of MNS postgraduates by influencing their self-control. Educational institutions can reduce the academic procrastination behavior of MNS postgraduates during the clinical practice stage by optimizing the clinical learning environment and helping MNS postgraduates improve their self-control level.

Objective To construct an indicator system for entrustable professional activities（EPAs） of nurses in the cardiology department of tertiary hospitals，providing a scientific tool for evaluating their job competency. MethodsUsing literature analysis，semi-structured interviews，and the Delphi method，this study preliminarily established EPAs indicators，descriptive explanations，and expected entrustment levels stratified by working years for nurses in the cardiovascular department of tertiary hospitals. The feasibility of the indicators was verified by EPAs evaluation in 56 nurses. Results Two rounds of questionnaire surveys were distributed to 22 cardiovascular nursing experts from 16 hospitals in 12 provinces. The effective response rates for both rounds were 100%. Expert authority coefficients was 0.842 and 0.856，with Kendall’s W coefficient of concordance being 0.289 and 0.309 respectively（P<0.001）. Ten EPAs indicators（including 29 description items） and expected entrustment levels were established. Preliminary clinical application showed that the achievement rates for most EPAs items increased with working years，but the rates for EPA8（Integrated Nursing for One-stop Hybrid Surgery） and EPA10 （Professional Practice Development） were relatively low（59% and 53% at the end of the fifth year，respectively）. Conclusion The EPAs indicators of cardiovascular nurses in tertiary hospitals constructed in this study integrate the 5C competency framework and cardiovascular nursing practice requirements，including five competency dimensions：professional integrity，critical thinking，communication skills，teamwork，and innovative thinking，with 10 EPAs indicators focusing on 29 observable and quantifiable clinical tasks. These EPAs indicators can effectively identify competency gaps and promote professional growth，providing a reference for the assessment of job competency and the direction of clinical teaching and training for cardiovascular nurses in the context of the integration of cardiovascular internal and surgical departments and the treatment of critical illnesses in tertiary hospitals.

Objective To construct a virtual simulation training system for robot-assisted surgery （RAS） nursing cooperation and explore its application effect. Methods A RAS nursing cooperation training program was constructed through questionnaires，semi-structured interviews and expert meetings，and a corresponding virtual simulation training platform was developed based on this program. A total of 54 nurses who participated in the 2024 Yunnan Provincial Operating Room Specialty Nurse Training in a tertiary first-class hospital in Yunnan Province were selected as the participants，and they were divided into the control group（n=27）and an experimental group（n=27） through lottery. In accordance with the RAS nursing cooperation program，the experimental group received training integrated with virtual simulation programs，while the control group received conventional training. The two groups were compared in terms of theoretical knowledge assessment scores，simulated operation skill assessment scores and operation duration，case analysis assessment scores，the number of surgical cooperation errors，and the satisfaction of surgeons with them. Results After training，the experimental group was better than the control group in theoretical knowledge assessment scores，simulated operation skill assessment scores and operation duration，case analysis assessment scores，the number of nine types of surgical cooperation errors，and the satisfaction of surgeons with them（P<0.05）. Conclusion The RAS nursing cooperation virtual simulation training system is practical，which is conducive to improving the level of nurses’ RAS nursing cooperation capabilities and the satisfaction of surgeons，and has certain reference value.

The training of specialty nurses is an important measure to cultivate advanced clinical nursing practice talents，and clinical teaching is an important part of specialty nurse training. To address issues such as vague management structure，uneven quality of teaching staff，poor team collaboration，and singular teaching method in the clinical teaching bases of specialty nurses outside Beijing，the hospital has implemented systematic optimization in the management of 12 such bases. Through measures including establishing a three-level management model，strengthening the construction of the teaching staff （including selection，training，and assessment），optimizing the team atmosphere，and adopting diversified teaching methods，reputation and influence of the bases have steadily improved，the satisfaction and capabilities of the trainees have been enhanced，while the teaching level and scientific research vitality of the teaching staff have been stimulated，and the radiating and driving role of the bases has been fully exerted.

Objective To investigate the effect of a nutrition intervention program based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice（KAP） theory in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods A convenience sampling method was adopted to select female patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy at a Grade Ⅲ Class A hospital in Gansu Province from October to December 2024 as participants. They were divided into intervention group and control group based on wards. The intervention group received KAP-based nutrition intervention，while the control group received conventional nutritional nursing education. Differences in weight，serum albumin，hemoglobin，KAP levels，and quality of life between the two groups after intervention were compared. Results A total of 48 patients and 50 patients were included in the intervention and control group，respectively. After intervention，the intervention group showed no significant change in weight （P>0.05），whereas the control group experienced a significant decrease（P<0.05）. The intervention group demonstrated significantly higher serum albumin levels，KAP scores，and quality of life scores compared to the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The KAP-based nutrition intervention program effectively maintains body weight，improves KAP levels，and enhances quality of life in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. Further long-term follow-up studies are warranted to assess the intervention’s long-term impact on patients’ nutrition-related outcomes.

Objective To explore the latent classes of live-space mobility trajectory and their influencing factors in COPD patients. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 179 COPD patients hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2023 to February 2024. Life-space mobility was assessed at discharge（T0） and 1 month（T1），3 months（T2），6 months（T3），and 12 months（T4） post-discharge using the Live-Space Assessment. Latent class growth modeling was utilized to identify trajectory patterns，and multinomial Logistic regression was conducted to analyze influencing factors. Results The trajectory of life-space mobility of 179 COPD patients could be divided into three potential categories，namely the “low level-slow improvement group”（21.8%），the “medium level-improvement group”（55.3%），and the “medium level-progressive decline group”（22.9%）. Compared to “medium level-improvement group”，patients with COPD duration ≤5 years were less likely to fall into “low level-slow improvement group”，while those aged ≤70 years，extroverted personality types，no sedentary behavior，dyspnea index <3，and ≤2 acute exacerbations in the past year were less likely to enter “low level-slow improvement group” or “medium level-progressive decline group”（P<0.05）. Conclusion COPD patients exhibit heterogeneity in live-space mobility trajectories. Healthcare providers can develop targeted interventions based on the characteristics of these trajectories and relevant modifiable factors to improve live-space mobility levels.

Objective To describe the relapse fear experience of young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in the remission period，and to provide certain references for formulating intervention plans to alleviate relapse fear in this population. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. The purposive sampling method was used to recruit young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission from three communities in Beijing as the research participants. From April to May 2024，face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with the respondents，and the data were analyzed by content analysis. Results A total of 15 interviewees were interviewed. Through analyzing，three themes and nine sub-themes were extracted，namely，the coexistence of psychological distress and physical suffering in patients（fear of losing control，fear of detachment from reality，worry about discrimination and stigma，breeding psychological gap，and suffering physical pain），conflicts in intimate relationships and isolated experiences of family support（obstacles in establishing intimate relationships and lack of family support）. Helplessness and survival anxiety in the resource predicament（worrying about economic pressure and the predicament of independent survival）. Conclusion Young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission period often experience relapse anxiety due to physical distress，altered emotional relationships，and financial burdens. Clinical practitioners and society should actively promote positive public awareness of mental illness while providing psychological counseling and social support. Concurrently，strengthening family support systems is crucial to help improve their quality of life.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of inner strength between family resilience and functional exercise in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select stroke patients with hemiplegia who received treatment in the Rehabilitation Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from October 2024 to April 2025 as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted using general information questionnaire，Inner Strength Scale，Family Resilience Assessment Scale，and Exercise Adherence Questionnaire. Results The internal strength score of 310 stroke patients with hemiplegia was（79.56±11.99） points，the family resilience score was（89.27±9.35） points，the functional exercise compliance score was（36.60±5.62） points，and the patient compliance rate was 57.19%，which is at a moderate level. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between intrinsic strength and family resilience scores in stroke patients with hemiplegia（r=0.420，P<0.001），intrinsic strength and functional exercise compliance（r=0.616，P<0.001），and family resilience and functional exercise compliance（r=0.410，P<0.001）. Internal strength partially mediates the relationship between family resilience and functional exercise compliance in stroke patients with hemiplegia，with the mediating effect accounting for 27.20% of the total effect. Conclusion The family resilience of stroke patients with hemiplegia can indirectly influence their functional exercise compliance and promote their functional recovery by strengthening their internal strength.

Objective To conduct a systematic review on the symptom clusters of patients with heart failure. Methods Databases including Embase，PubMed，CINAHL，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，CNKI，CBM，VIP，and Wanfang were searched for studies on symptom clusters in patients with heart failure from the establishment of databases to November 7，2024. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction. After evaluating the methodological quality of the literature—using the cross-sectional study quality assessment criteria recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality（AHRQ） for cross-sectional studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale（NOS） for cohort studies，the types and characteristics of symptom clusters，assessment tools，analytical methods，and influencing factors were analyzed. Results A total of 28 literatures were included，and 48 symptom clusters were extracted. The five most common symptom clusters in patients with heart failure were congestion symptom cluster，emotional symptom cluster，ischemic symptom cluster，fatigue symptom cluster and dyspnea symptom cluster in sequence. There were 16 evaluation tools，among which Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale for Heart Failure（MSAS-HF） was used the most. There were four analytical methods，among which cluster analysis was the most widely used. The influencing factors classified into three categories：demographic factors；disease-related factors；psychological and social support，and other factors. Conclusion Patients with heart failure have diverse symptom clusters，which are affected by multiple factors. In the future，it is necessary to further develop standards for symptom attribution and symptom cluster naming in patients with heart failure，develop localized assessment tools for symptom clusters in these patients and optimize the identification methods of symptom clusters，and expand the research perspectives on influencing factors.

Promoting the digital and intelligent transformation of education has progressively become a national educational development strategy in China，with nursing education increasingly adopting a digital and intelligent orientation. As a core driver of the digital transformation in education，adaptive learning represents one of the most transformative practical paradigms in the process of educational digitalization. This study，grounded in the perspective of adaptive learning，first introduces the conceptual framework and technological evolution of adaptive learning. Subsequently，drawing upon the integrated “teaching-learning-assessment” model from modern educational evaluation theory，this study elaborates on how adaptive learning empowers the paradigm shift in nursing education across three dimensions：educational philosophy，learning methods，and educational evaluation. Finally，focusing on technological integration—including multimodal technologies，AI agents，and extended reality（XR） immersive techno-logies—the study discusses the application scenarios of adaptive technology integration in future nursing education from multiple perspectives and through in-depth analysis. This research aims to offer insights and references for future studies on adaptive learning in nursing education in the digital and intelligent era.