Objective To investigate the current status of training and management for specialty nurses in Jiangxi Province. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among specialty nurses and nursing managers from medical institutions in 11 prefecture-level cities of Jiangxi Province via convenience sampling in October 2025，using a self-designed questionnaire on the training and management status of specialty nurses. Results A total of 2 329 valid questionnaires were collected，of which 2 171 from specialty nurses and 158 from nursing administrators. The majority of specialty nurses held a bachelor’s degree or above（97.74%），and intermediate professional titles or higher accounted for 91.34%. Among the 142 medical institutions with practicing specialty nurses， only 10.56% of medical institutions had full-time specialty posts for specialty nurses，while 28.87% had not formulated special incentive policies targeting specialty nurses. The proportion of specialty nurses who reported “always” or “often” performing advanced clinical roles was less than 36% across three dimensions：consultation，multidisciplinary collaboration，and ethical decision-making. Conclusion The specialty nurse workforce in Jiangxi Province boasts a favorable structural profile，yet prominent challenges remain，including insufficient full-time dedicated positions，uneven incentive mechanisms，limited performance of high-level clinical functions，and developmental deficiencies at primary medical institutions. Targeted improvements to the training and management system for specialty nurses in Jiangxi Province should be implemented in the future through institutional refinement，standardized post setting，tiered continuing education，and talent support policies for grassroots healthcare facilities.
