老年口腔衰弱患者多成分口腔锻炼方案的设计与应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2025.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究多成分口腔锻炼方案对改善老年口腔衰弱患者口腔功能的效果。方法根据文献调研、专家咨询构建多成分口腔锻炼方案。采用类实验研究，选取2022年5月—2022年12月在浙江省某医院老年医学科住院患者作为研究对象，A病房为试验组（48例）和B病房为对照组（48例），试验组在常规护理的基础上给予为期12周的多成分口腔锻炼方案，对照组采用口腔健康管理与宣教，用药安全照护，入、出院宣教等常规护理。干预前后分别通过重复唾液吞咽测试、口腔交替运动测验、老年人口腔健康自我效能量表评估两组口腔功能及口腔健康自我效能。结果试验组45例、对照组45例完成干预。干预后，两组口腔健康自我效能评分（Z=6.068，P<0.001）、重复唾液吞咽测试结果（P=0.006）、口腔交替运动测验结果（χ²=49.980，P<0.001），差异均有统计学意义。结论多成分口腔锻炼方案可改善老年口腔衰弱患者口腔功能，提高其口腔健康自我效能。

关键词: 护理, 口腔功能训练, 老年人, 健康教育

Abstract:

Objective Investigating the effects of a multi-component oral exercise programme in improving oral function in elderly patients with oral weakness. Methods A multi-component oral exercise programme was constructed based on literature review and expert consultation. According to quasi-experimental research model，from May 2022 to December 2022 patients hospitalized in geriatrics department of a hospital in Zhejiang Province were selected as the participants. Ward A was the experimental group（n=48） and Ward B was the control group（n=48）. Participants in the experimental group got a 12-week multi-component oral exercise programme on the basis of routine nursing care，and the control group received routine care including oral health management and preaching，medication care，admission and discharge counselling and other routine care. Oral function and oral health self-efficacy were assessed before and after the intervention by repeating the saliva swallowing test，the oral alternating motion test，and the Geriatric Self-Efficacy Scale for Oral Health. Results A total of 45 cases in the test group and 45 cases in the control group have completed the intervention. After the intervention，the oral health self-efficacy score（Z=6.068，P<0.001），the results of the repeated saliva swallowing test （P=0.006），and the results of the oral alternating movement test（χ²=49.980，P<0.001） were statistically significant between groups. Conclusion A multicomponent oral exercise programme improves oral function and oral health self-efficacy in elderly patients with oral weakness.

Key words: Nursing, Oral function training, Elderly, Health education

吴丽贞, 王招娣, 周春霞, 黄丽华. 老年口腔衰弱患者多成分口腔锻炼方案的设计与应用研究[J]. 中华护理教育, 2025, 22(2): 231-237.

WU Lizhen, WANG Zhaodi, ZHOU Chunxia, HUANG Lihua. A study on the design and application of a multi-component oral exercise programme in elderly patients with oral weakness[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2025, 22(2): 231-237.

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