虚拟现实技术在安宁疗护教学中的应用进展

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2025.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国人口老龄化的不断加剧及社会对高质量善终服务需求的日益增长，培养专业的安宁疗护人才显得尤为迫切。然而，学生学习兴趣不足、安宁疗护实践时间和机会有限、教学环境存在真实性缺陷等因素均成为安宁疗护教学的挑战。随着信息化技术的发展，虚拟现实技术为解决安宁疗护教学中的难题带来契机。该文全面综述虚拟现实技术在安宁疗护教学中的应用场景，包括创设实践情境、技术实现路径、虚拟现实技术操作形式与场所，以及应用效果等，并提出不足与建议，旨在为促进安宁疗护教学改革及人才培养提供理论依据与实践指导。

关键词: 虚拟现实技术, 安宁疗护, 护理教育, 综述

Abstract:

With the aging of China’s population and the growing demand for high-quality hospice care，it is particularly urgent to cultivate professional hospice caregivers. However，the lack of students’ interest in learning，the limited time and opportunities for hospice practice，and the defective authenticity of the teaching environment are challenges in hospice teaching. With the development of information technology，virtual reality（VR） technology has brought opportunities to solve these challenges. This article comprehensively reviews the application scenarios of virtual reality technology in hospice teaching，including the creation of practical situations，the path of technological realization，the form and place of VR operation，and the application effect，etc. Based on the review，this paper puts forward the shortcomings and suggestions，aiming to promoting the reform of hospice teaching and talent cultivation to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance.

Key words: Virtual reality technology, Hospice care, Nursing education, Review

黄渊, 何春菊, 朱童, 邓仁丽. 虚拟现实技术在安宁疗护教学中的应用进展[J]. 中华护理教育, 2025, 22(3): 283-287.

HUANG Yuan, HE Chunju, ZHU Tong, DENG Renli. A review of the application progress of virtual reality technology in hospice care teaching[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2025, 22(3): 283-287.

参考文献 33

[1]	中央人民政府. 中共中央国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[EB/OL]. (2016-10-25). https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm?eqid=889121b80001b7b70000000564658405.
[2]	谢恩东, 韩雨媛, 李青青. 在校本科护生对临终关怀态度及其影响因素的研究[J]. 循证护理, 2022, 8(20):2793-2796.
[3]	赵艺媛, 陆宇晗, 杨红. 安宁疗护及姑息护理教育的发展现状及研究进展[J]. 护理管理杂志, 2021, 21(8):549-554.
[4]	Yuan HB, Williams BA, Fang JB, et al. A systematic review of selected evidence on improving knowledge and skills through high-fidelity simulation[J]. Nurse Educ Today, 2012, 32(3):294-298.
[5]	Uysal N. Improvement of nursing students’ learning outcomes through scenario-based skills training[J]. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 2016,24:e2790.
[6]	郭颖英, 谢淑萍, 傅晓炜. 虚拟现实技术在安宁疗护中的应用进展[J]. 护理学报, 2021, 28(10):32-34.
[7]	刘雨林, 杨又. 虚拟现实技术在临床护理实践中的应用研究进展[J]. 临床医学研究与实践, 2024, 9(34):195-198.
[8]	Butt AL, Kardong-Edgren S, Ellertson A. Using game-based virtual reality with haptics for skill acquisition[J]. Clin Simul Nurs, 2018,16:25-32.
[9]	Dahlin C, DeSanto-Madeya S, Hurley SL, et al. Understanding primary palliative nursing education in undergraduate nursing programs[J]. J Prof Nurs, 2023,46:205-212.
[10]	Taubert M, Harvey M. Nausea and vomiting-student education[EB/OL]. (2019-02-14). https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=F3DEnWvF4Lk.
[11]	Hill S, Patel M, Taubert M, et al. A virtual reality tour of Velindre Cancer Centre’s Radiotherapy Department[EB/OL].[2019-02-04]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WwNvXjVHQ8.
[12]	Taubert M, Webber L, Hamilton T, et al. Virtual reality videos used in undergraduate palliative and oncology medical teaching:results of a pilot study[J]. BMJ Support Palliat Care, 2019, 9(3):281-285.
[13]	郭颖英, 俞新燕, 谢淑萍. 虚拟现实在癌症晚期患者安宁疗护中的应用[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(11):58-62.
[14]	顾婷婷, 陈伟芬, 薛婷, 等. 癌症患者临终沟通准备度量表的汉化及信效度检验[J]. 护理学杂志, 2023, 38(11):101-103.
[15]	Dyer E, Swartzlander BJ, Gugliucci MR. Using virtual reality in medical education to teach empathy[J]. J Med Libr Assoc, 2018, 106(4):498-500. doi: 10.5195/jmla.2018.518 pmid: 30271295
[16]	Thrane SE. Online palliative and end-of-life care education for undergraduate nurses[J]. J Prof Nurs, 2020, 36(1):42-46. doi: S8755-7223(19)30114-0 pmid: 32044051
[17]	Lee AL, DeBest M, Koeniger-Donohue R, et al. The feasibility and acceptability of using virtual world technology for interprofessional education in palliative care:a mixed methods study[J]. J Interprof Care, 2020, 34(4):461-471.
[18]	Kron FW, Fetters MD, Scerbo MW, et al. Using a computer simulation for teaching communication skills:a blinded multisite mixed methods randomized controlled trial[J]. Patient Educ Couns, 2017, 100(4):748-759.
[19]	LIFE S. Second Life[EB/OL]. [2024-03-22]. https://secondlife.com/.
[20]	Irwin P, Coutts R. A systematic review of the experience of using second life in the education of undergraduate nurses[J]. J Nurs Educ, 2015, 54(10):572-577. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20150916-05 pmid: 26431517
[21]	Hamilton G, Ortega R, Hochstetler V, et al. Teaching communication skills to hospice teams:comparing the effectiveness of a communication skills laboratory with in-person,second life,and phone role-playing[J]. Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 2014, 31(6):611-618. doi: 10.1177/1049909113504481 pmid: 24037542
[22]	HEALTH^®. Shadow Health^®[EB/OL]. [2024-03-22]. https://evolve.elsevier.com/education/simulations/shadow-health/.
[23]	SIMX. Sim X[EB/OL]. [2024-03-22]. https://www.simxvr.com/.
[24]	虚拟仿真实验教学创新联盟. 国家虚拟仿真实验教学平台[EB/OL]. [2024-03-22]. https://www.ilab-x.com/list3?sid=90.
[25]	Gillan PC, Jeong S, van der Riet PJ. End of life care simulation:a review of the literature[J]. Nurse Educ Today, 2014, 34(5):766-774.
[26]	Yang H, Xiao X, Wu XY, et al. Virtual standardized patients versus traditional academic training for improving clinical competence among traditional Chinese medicine students:prospective randomized controlled trial[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2023,25:e43763.
[27]	Lewis C, Reid J, McLernon Z, et al. The impact of a simulated intervention on attitudes of undergraduate nursing and medical students towards end of life care provision[J]. BMC Palliat Care, 2016, 15(1):67.
[28]	Kim S, Lee Y. Korean nurses’ attitudes to good and bad death,life-sustaining treatment and advance directives[J]. Nurs Ethics, 2003, 10(6):624-637.
[29]	刘珍, 张艳, 赵敬. 安宁疗护中舒适理论、评估、影响因素研究进展[J]. 护理研究, 2020, 34(8):1404-1407.
[30]	李春韦, 邓仁丽, 粟翠, 等. 姑息照护患者早期识别工具的研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2022, 25(25):3196-3202. doi: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0162
[31]	张璐, 伍晓琴, 黄月霖, 等. 晚期癌症患者心理痛苦的安宁疗护管理最佳证据总结[J]. 护理学杂志, 2023, 38(7):75-81.
[33]	庞冰, 王秀红, 王丽, 等. 护理专业虚拟仿真实验课程评价指标体系的构建研究[J]. 中华护理教育, 2024, 21(9):1052-1059.
	Pang B, Wang XH, Wang L, et al. Construction of evaluation index system of virtual simulation experiment course on major of nursing[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2024, 21(9):1052-1059.