Table of Content

15 July 2024, Volume 21 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Training of Specialty Nurses

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The development and reflection of specialty nurse training in China in last 20 year TIAN Junye, SU Li, ZHANG Jiahui, DING Yanming, WU Xinjuan 2024, 21 (7):  773-779.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.001 Abstract ( 1041 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1094KB) ( 31 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Reviewing the development of specialty nurse training in China in last two decades from its embryonic stage，exploration stage to rapid development stage，this article described the current status of specialty nurse training，the construction of the training system in terms of management，textbook，courses，clinical teaching bases，teachers，and the utilization and management of specialty nurses. Besides，the paper put forward considerations for the cultivation of specialty nursing talents in China in the future. It is recommended to establish a specialty nurse training and certification institution authorized by an authoritative department，raise the recruitment standards for specialty nurse training in China，deepen the quality of specialty nurse training，carry out retraining for specialty nurses，explore the training mode of advanced practice nurses，and explore a hierarchical training path for specialty nursing talents that suitable for China’s national conditions.

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Construction of an evaluation index system of training bases for emergency specialty nurses LI Chunyan, HUANG Ping, WANG Xiaojing, FU Yichao, ZHOU Tiantian, HE Jingjing 2024, 21 (7):  780-787.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.002 Abstract ( 353 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1220KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To construct an evaluation index system of training bases for emergency specialty nurses，and to provide a evidence for the assessment，evaluation and recertification of training bases for emergency specialty nurses. Methods Based on the CIPP evaluation model（Context evaluation，Input evaluation，Process evaluation，Product evaluation），the first draft of the evaluation index system was drafted by literature review and questionnaire survey. After that，the indexes were added，deleted and modified through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation from September to November 2022，and the index weights were determined by hierarchical analysis. Results A total of 18 experts were consulted in two rounds consultation，and the questionnaire recovery rate was 89% and 100% respectively. The authority coefficient of experts in the second round was 0.969，and the Kendall’s harmony coefficient was 0.241（P<0.05）. The evaluation index system of training bases for emergency specialty nurses finally constructed，including four primary indicators（basic conditions，training resources，implementation of training，effectiveness of training），17 secondary indicators and 49 tertiary indicators. Conclusion The evaluation index system of training bases for emergency specialty nurses constructed in this study is scientific，reasonable and comprehensive，and can provide references for the assessment，evaluation and recertification of the bases.

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The lived experience of specialty nurses with full-time posts during their role transitions：a qualitative study ZHAO Wenjuan, ZHANG Xiaoju, LAI Xiaobin, SHEN Zhiyun, ZHANG Yuxia 2024, 21 (7):  788-793.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.003 Abstract ( 303 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (981KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experience of specialty nurses with full-time posts during the role transition period. Methods A total of 13 specialty nurses with full-time posts from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were adopted and Colaizzi’s 7-step analysis was used to summarize and extract the topics. Results A total of five themes of the role transition period were extracted：①change，including change of work environment，change of nursing outcomes；②recognition，including recognition of the team，recognition of the patients；③growth，including increased autonomy，played a professional leadership role；④motivation，including increased self-requirement，increased motivation at work，and obtained a sense of achievement；and ⑤challenge，including role confusion，lack of guidance，lack of competence，and lack of time. Conclusion The specialty nurses gained a shift in their understanding of themselves and the environment’s understanding of them during the role transition period，which resulted in positive outcomes. There were also challenges and the need to optimize management programs to promote high quality development of specialty nurses.

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Nursing practice among specialty nurses in blood purification in Beijing ZHAO Weiwei, JIN Weiyi, ZHU Jinrong, FENG Chunyan, ZHANG Hongjun, SU Mo, SU Chunyan 2024, 21 (7):  794-800.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.004 Abstract ( 185 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (952KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To investigate the current status of nursing practices among blood purification specialty nurses in Beijing. Methods A total of 362 blood purification specialty nurses in Beijing were selected as survey participants through convenience sampling from August 10th to September 10th，2022. General information questionnaire and nursing practice survey questionnaire designed for specialty nurses in blood purification were used for investigation. Results A total of 359 valid questionnaires were collected，with a recovery rate of 99.2%. In terms of clinical nursing practices，the highest participation among the participants was in providing dietary and nutritional guidance to hemodialysis patients[328（91.4%）] and evaluating patients’ dietary and nutritional status[279 （77.7%）]. The least participation was in outpatient blood purification clinics and participation in external blood purification nursing consultations，accounting for 3.3%（12/359） and 2.8%（10/359） respectively. About 39.8% to 46.2% of blood purification specialty nurses were responsible for theoretical teaching and clinical supervision tasks for students/on-the-job personnel. In terms of scientific research practices，publishing papers as the first author or corresponding author[99（27.6%）]，participating in nursing research projects [68（18.9%）]，and obtaining invention patents or utility model patents[49（13.6%）] in the past three years ranked among the top three. Conclusion Blood purification specialty nurses in Beijing have demonstrated their value in multiple aspects，though there is still much room for improvement in areas that reflect the role and value of specialty nurses，such as outpatient services，participation in consultations，as well as nursing research practices.

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The exploration of the construction of clinical teaching base for nutrition support specialty nurses TAO Lin, YI Yinping, JIANG Qiuhuan, ZHANG Hongmei, LI Liming, JING Chan, DU Xiaoning 2024, 21 (7):  801-806.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.005 Abstract ( 250 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (869KB) ( 4 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics The training of specialty nurses in nutritional support is an important measure in cultivating advanced nursing practice talents in clinical nutrition. As one of the first batch of clinical teaching bases outside Beijing for nutrition support specialty nurses of the Chinese Nursing Association，Henan Province People’s Hospital improved software and hardware facilities，established a training management system that includes organizational management，institutional construction，teacher management，training management，training guarantee，and quality control. This training mode which adheres to continuous improvement has been standardized，and achieved good results in teacher team construction，talent cultivation，and scientific research innovation.

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Training transfer for specialty nurses based on results oriented perspective：exploration and practice FANG Hengying, ZHOU Xueling, LIANG Limin, CAI Youdi, CHEN Siyun, LI Huijuan 2024, 21 (7):  807-811.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.006 Abstract ( 242 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (866KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics The huge gap between the training input and the outcome of specialty nurses has become one of the main difficulties in the development of specialty nurses in our country. The effective training transfer is crucial to promote the application of what they have learned. Guided by the outcome，we carried out the training transfer of specialty nurses through the setting of achievement goals，and the stimulating the motivation，optimizing the design，and activating the atmosphere based on Holton’s Training Transfer Model. Such practice has achieved positive results and provided references for the use and development of specialty nurses in China.

Nursing Education

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Teaching innovation and practice in Nurse-patient Communication Skills Course YUAN Xiaoling, ZHANG Yaqing 2024, 21 (7):  812-817.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.007 Abstract ( 219 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (913KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics The Nurse-patient Communication Skills Course is an important bridging course for nursing students during the transition from campus learning to clinical practice. To solve the three major pain points of low communication self-efficacy，disconnection between theoretical learning and practical application，and weak humanistic qualities in course teaching，the reform of the course was guided by the four learning environment factors of constructivism learning theory “circumstances，collaboration，dialogue and meaning-making”. A scenario-task based content module was reconstructed to link theoretical knowledge with clinical scenarios，and to highlight higher-order thinking. A “design-thinking-driven integrated problem-based learning（DPL）” approach was developed to cultivate students’ ability to solve the problems with innovative thinking. Besides，the characteristic of integrating knowledge with practice in the ideological and political theory education was created to cultivate students’ medical humanistic spirit and a whole-process，multi-subject，and multi-means evaluation mechanism was built up to enhance the challenge of assessment. After multiple rounds of teaching practice，the course has achieved significant results. It can provide references for the teaching innovation of other similar nursing courses.

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Investigation on the KAP ethics cognition and training demand of scientific research among master degree nursing students CAI Yuting, XU Yumei 2024, 21 (7):  818-821.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.008 Abstract ( 162 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (687KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To understand the current status and training needs of graduate nursing students’ knowledge，attitude/beliefs，and practice（KAP） in scientific research ethics. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select master degree nursing students from four medical colleges and universities in Shandong Province as participants from March to April 2023. Questionnaire surveys were conducted using the General Information Questionnaire，the Scientific Research Ethics KAP Questionnaire，and the Research Ethics Training Needs Questionnaire. Results The total score on research ethics KAP of the 286 nursing graduates was（68.88 ± 8.39）. Differences were found in research ethics KAP scores among participants with different grades，first degrees，training modes，and whether or not they had received training in the review of medical research ethics（P<0.05）. Besides，94.4% of the master degree nursing students indicated the need for professional research ethics training. Conclusion The current status of research ethics knowledge and beliefs of 286 nursing graduates are favorable in general，with significant differences in the evaluation of research ethics KAP among participants with different characteristics. Meanwhile，they have a high demand for receiving training in professional research ethics. Colleges and universities should improve the science and technology ethics education curriculum system，strengthen the development of research ethics training and education，enhance the research ethics knowledge reserve of graduate nursing students to improve their research ethics literacy and ability.

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Application of generative learning strategy in ideological and political teaching of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing LIU Aimei, LI Hongmei, TIAN Weiwei, ZHAO Limin, ZHONG Zhaoyang, WANG Yihui 2024, 21 (7):  822-827.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.009 Abstract ( 167 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (879KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the application effect of generative learning strategies in the ideological and political education of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing. Methods A total of 163 third-year students enrolled in 2020 majoring in midwifery were conveniently selected as research subjects，and generative learning strategies in ideological and political education of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing were applied. We prepared ideological and political materials and designed teaching plans based on the characteristics of the learning situation before class and identified the starting point in class and introduced ideological and political cases to engage in various generative learning activities such as interaction，speculation，communication，experience，exploration，and empathy. Then，we conducted post class spot checks to understand the teaching effectiveness and existing problems，reflected and summarized areas for improvement. The application effectiveness was evaluated through diverse methods such as attendance rate，classroom performance，generative activities and completion of assignments，operational exams，and teaching effectiveness questionnaire surveys. Results The attendance rate of students was 98.2%，with an attendance score of（9.97 ± 0.01） points. The average score for classroom performance was（9.85 ± 0.04） points. The average score for generative activities and assignments was（25.80 ± 0.61） points. Forty-six students（28.2%） voluntarily signed up to participate in the performance of the case work，and 117 students（71.8%） participated in the review of the case work in written form. The average score for operational performance was（46.09 ± 0.09） points. More than 87.1% of the students believed that applying generative learning strategies in ideological and political education in Critical Care and Emergency Nursing courses could enhance patriotism，research spirit，and professional ethics values. Conclusion The course ideological and political education based on generative learning strategies can be carried out smoothly，and students are willing to accept it，which can achieve teaching effects that enhance value guidance.

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Exploration and practical research of cultivating postgraduate students with master of nursing specialist in the field of health informatics GE Xiangyu, JIA Shoumei, HU Yan, ZOU Zhuo, GUO Xing, XIANG Lina 2024, 21 (7):  828-833.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.010 Abstract ( 127 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (951KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To develop and evaluate the effect of the Professional Master’s Degree Program in Health Informatics in Nursing. Methods Fudan University and the University of Turku，Finland，had jointly established a nursing master degree program in the field of health informatics. Through the formation of an international and interdisciplinary faculty team and the construction of an "interdisciplinary course-capstone project-thesis" progressive cultivation model，the health informatics nursing master students with professional degree were trained. During the period of 2019-2022，32 students were admitted to this programme according to the admission requirements. Results Until June 2023，21 students had successfully graduated from this programme and obtained master degrees in nursing and health sciences. The overall evaluation of the program by the graduated students was good. Conclusion The progressive cultivation model based on interdisciplinary curriculum system，show a good effect on students training，and it is recommended to further revise the cultivation program according to the students’ feedback，and to continuously track the effect of the program.

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Exploration and practice of the comprehensive education path of “Job-Course-Competition-Certification” for nursing majors in higher vocational colleges WANG Xiurong, WANG Nana, JIANG Huihui 2024, 21 (7):  834-840.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.011 Abstract ( 136 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (918KB) ( 2 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics The integration of “Job-Course-Competition-Certification” in education is an effective model for cultivating high-quality technical and skilled talents，and a significant measure to promote the rapid and high-quality development of vocational education in the new era. Based on local characteristics and grasping the features of nursing major，Bozhou Vocational and Technical College has deeply explored the comprehensive educational connotations of “Job-Course-Competition-Certification”. Through ideological and political guidance in education，optimizing the curriculum structure and resources，strengthening the construction of teaching staffs，promoting the integration of “Job-Course-Competition-Certification”，and implementing diversified comprehensive evaluation，the college has continuously advanced the comprehensive education model of “Job-Course-Competition-Certification”，therefore，providing a reference for cultivating composite nursing talents with “specialized knowledge and multiple abilities”.

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The influence of role modeling on nursing students’ professional identity：a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies LI Xiaohua, ZHU Hong, YANG Dan, HAO Yufang, LI Xuejing 2024, 21 (7):  841-848.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.012 Abstract ( 172 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To systematically review the influence of role modeling on nursing students’ professional identity. Methods Databases including CNKI，Wanfang，VIP，PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，ProQuest，Scopus were comprehensively searched from their inception to July 2023 to collect qualitative studies on the influence of role modeling on nursing students’ professional identity. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia. The results were integrated by the aggregative synthesis method. Results A total of nine studies were included. Forty-one findings were grouped according to their similarities to form 14 categories. These categories were classified into four synthesized findings：role models change nursing students’ professional cognition，enhancing professional emotion，having an effect of role modeling and creating a supportive learning environment for students. Conclusion Nursing educators and administrators should attach importance to the positive effects of role model on nursing students’ professional identity，enhance clinical work experience，as well as the awareness and competence of role modeling.

Continuing Education

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Construction of content list of hospice care for training multidisciplinary teams in community RAO Meng, LU Yulin, YANG Dan, WANG Xiaoqin, SHI Shuyu 2024, 21 (7):  849-855.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.013 Abstract ( 150 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (896KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To establish a training content checklist for community multidisciplinary hospice care teams. Methods A draft of the training content checklist for community multidisciplinary hospice care teams was initially formulated based on literature review，status investigation，and semi-structured interviews. From November 2022 to January 2023，two rounds of consultation with experts were conducted to finalize the training content checklist. Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires were 92%（23/25） and 96%（22/23），respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.892 and 0.905，respectively. The Kendall’s coordination coefficients were 0.128 and 0.101 （P<0.001），respectively. The final training content checklist included eight first-level items，26 second-level items，and 87 third-level items. Conclusion The established training content checklist for community multidisciplinary hospice care teams is comprehensive，reliable，scientific，and recognized，which can provide a reference for the training of multidisciplinary hospice care teams in community hospitals in China.

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Conceptual analysis of second victim LI Longtian, SHEN Shujie, LIU Hongxiu, WEI Siqi 2024, 21 (7):  856-861.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.014 Abstract ( 253 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (767KB) ( 9 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the concept of the second victim and its connotation，and to provide theoretical basis for related studies. Methods Publications related to second victim were searched from CNKI，Wanfang Database，VIP Database，SinoMed，PubMed，Web of Science，Embase. Walker and Avant concept analysis method was used to analyze the concept of second victim. Results A total of 35 references were included to determine the defining attributes in terms of person（all health workers），event （patient safety incident） and impact （negative experience）. The antecedents were patient safety culture，blame culture，and accountability system. The outcomes were impacts on the second victims themselves，patients，and healthcare system. Empirical measurement tools included the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool（SVEST），Inpatient Suicide Second Victim Experience and Support Tool（IS-SVEST）. However，there were still few Chinese versions of the second victim measurement tools. Conclusion At present，relevant research on secondary victims in China is still in its infancy. There are various causes leading to relatively severe consequences. There is a lack of measurement tools in line with China’s national conditions，so more comprehensive and in-depth research should be carried out in the future.

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Analysis of the situation and development strategies of nurse training in central sterile supply department SHEN Hongmei, MO Junjun, SUN Jienan, LI Yuan 2024, 21 (7):  862-865.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.015 Abstract ( 162 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (755KB) ( 2 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics Sterilization supply center is a special nursing unit in hospital，and the job duties of nurses and their job training are very different from clinical nurses. This paper adopted SWOT analysis method to systematically analyze four aspects of internal advantages，internal disadvantages，external opportunities and external threats of the current status of nurses’ post training in China’s sterilized supply centers. Through SWOT matrix analysis，this paper suggested the corresponding development strategies，aiming at providing certain references for nurses’ post training in sterilized supply centers in the future.

Health Education

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A qualitative study on medication experience of older patients with polypharmacy during hospital-family transition period HAO Linbo, ZHAO Qinghua, HUANG Huanhuan, CHEN Lijuan 2024, 21 (7):  866-872.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.016 Abstract ( 245 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (989KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To understand the real medication experience of elderly patients with polypharmacy in hospital-family transition period，and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of drug management in transition period. Methods A descriptive phenomenological study method was applied in a tertiary hospital in Chongqing from August to September 2022. A total of 16 elderly polypharmacy patients with in one week after discharge were recriuted using purposive sampling. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted，and the preliminary data was analyzed by phenomenological analysis of Colaizzi’s method. Results A total of 17 interviews were conducted，with approximately 493 minutes of recordings and 42 000 words transcribed. Four themes were extracted，namely，lack of participation in medication decision-making，difficulty in grasping discharge medication information（unable to fully understand discharge medication guidelines due to the short discharge time，confused about the discharge medication information explained by the medical staff），confusion about discharge medication list （difficulty in identifying the discharge drug list，difficulty in understanding the professional terms in the discharge drug list，complete and accurate medication information cannot be obtained from the discharge drug list），difficult to take medicine out of hospital and need family support（burden of independent management of discharged drugs，rely on family support to improve confidence in drug management）. Conclusion Elderly patients with multiple drug use have poor experience of drug-related medical care activities during the hospital-home transition period. A reasonable work process should be built to improve the quality of drug management during the transition period，so as to ensure the accuracy and continuity of drug therapy during the transition period.

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A systematic review of hypoglycemic fear assessment tools in adult diabetic patients LIU Suxiang, ZHANG Huafang, SHI Yajun, LIU Qingqing, ZHANG Ying, YANG Lili 2024, 21 (7):  873-880.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.017 Abstract ( 158 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (895KB) ( 3 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To systematically evaluate the measurement properties and methodological quality of hypoglycemia fear assessment tools for adult diabetic patients，and to provide evidence-based support for healthcare professionals to select appropriate assessment tools. Methods Databases were systematically searched for studies on hypoglycemia fear assessment tools for adult diabetic patients，including PubMed，Embase，CINAHL，Web of Science，CNKI，VIP，and WanFang. Time limit was set from databases’ establishment to August 23，2023. After that，two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the data. The measurement properties and methodological quality of the included assessment tools were evaluated according to the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments（COSMIN） guideline，and final recommendations were decided. Results A total of 15 studies involving 15 hypoglycemia fear assessment tools for adults were included，none of which evaluated the cross-cultural validity，measurement error，or responsiveness of the tools. The Fear of Hypoglycemia Screener was recommended as Class A tools for its high-quality evidence supporting its content validity and internal consistency as “sufficient”. In addition，nine assessment tools were recommended as Class B tools，and five were rated as Class C tools. Conclusion There is a diversity of hypoglycemia fear assessment tools for adult diabetic patients，though the overall quality is not high. The Fear of Hypoglycemia Screener，with concise language expression，comprehensive content，clear cut-off values，comprehensively evaluated measurement properties，and good reliability and validity，can be recommended as priority in employment.

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Evidence summary of preoperative rehabilitation in lung cancer patients ZHANG Fangyuan, JIAO Jie, LIU Lifeng 2024, 21 (7):  881-886.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.018 Abstract ( 260 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (929KB) ( 5 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To systematically retrieve，evaluate，extract and summarize evidence related to the management of preoperative rehabilitation for patients with lung cancer. Methods Clinical practice guidelines，clinical decisions，expert consensuses and systematic reviews on the management of preoperative rehabilitation of patient with lung cancer in domestic and foreign databases and related professional websites were searched. Two researchers screened articles and evaluated the quality of included articles independently，then evidence was extracted and summarized. Results A total of 14 articles were included finally，containing four clinical practice guidelines，one clinical decision，two expert consensuses and seven systematic reviews. Twenty-six pieces of evidence related to the management of preoperative prehabilitation among lung cancer patients were extracted and summarized into five themes，including exercise training，nutritional support，smoking cessation guidance，psychological support，and oral hygiene. Conclusion Clinical professionals should carry out the best evidence practice and provide personalized preoperative rehabilitation to lung cancer patients in combination with clinical situations and patients’ wishes，in order to improve patients’ cardiopulmonary function before surgery，so that they can recover better and faster after surgery.

Clinical Practice

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Construction of standardized nursing language for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes JIN Rongxiu, GUO Jingjing, LIU Suqiong, PENG Weiqun 2024, 21 (7):  887-891.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.019 Abstract ( 266 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (717KB) ( 6 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To construct standardized nursing language for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes，to provide references for the standardizing of clinical nursing records，and promote the development of clinical nursing information system database. Methods Focusing on the nursing care for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes，the core nursing diagnosis of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes was determined through literature retrieval，review of hospital nursing records and expert consultation. NANDA-Ⅰ，Nursing Interventions Classi-fication（NIC），Nursing Outcomes Classification（NOC）（referred to as NNN link for short） were initially screened for the core nursing outcomes，nursing indicators，core nursing measures and nursing activities matched by the core nursing diagnosis. After that，21 experts were invited to conduct two rounds of correspondence for revision and improvement. Finally，the standardized nursing language of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes was formed. Results The standardized nursing language of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes included six nursing diagnoses，11 nursing outcomes，52 nursing indicators，15 nursing measures and 126 nursing activities. Conclusion The standardized language of core nursing procedures for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes constructed in this study is in line with China’s national conditions，cultural background，language understanding and clinical practice. It is professional and scientific，which is conducive to achieving the standardization of nursing language and improving the quality of diabetes specialty nursing.

Review

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Review of adaptive learning in nursing education LIU Yu, GAO Lijia, ZHANG Wenyan, YU Mingfeng, WEN Jiaqi, ZENG Tieying 2024, 21 (7):  892-896.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.020 Abstract ( 351 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (677KB) ( 2 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics Adaptive learning is an important form of AI-enabled education，which has attracted more and more attention of nursing educators. This paper summarized the definition and characteristics of adaptive learning，and the application status of adaptive learning in nursing education，the construction and operation of adaptive learning system，and the effect evaluation. Meanwhile，it summarized the challenges and suggestions of adaptive learning in the field of nursing education，and provided references for the reform and development of nursing education.