Table of Content

20 March 2021, Volume 18 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Research Paper

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The experience of nurse-patient communication in the mid-stage clinical practice of undergraduates：a qualitative research MA Xiao-lu,LI Xiao-han,WANG Yan-mei,SONG Bing,LIU Shi-ying 2021, 18 (3):  197-201.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.001 Abstract ( 466 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (823KB) ( 10 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the experience of nurse-patient communication in the mid-stage clinical practice of nursing undergraduates. Methods The qualitative description method was used to explore the experience of nurse-patient communication of 14 undergraduate nursing students in the mid-stage clinical practice. Results Five themes were extracted,including gradually increased confidence,experiencing a sense of accomplishment in effective nurse-patient communication,guilt of inability to communicate emotionally with patients,experiencing tolerance and understanding in nurse-patient communication,and support from clinical teachers to increase the sense of security in nurse-patient communication. Conclusion Nursing undergraduates in the mid-stage clinical practice experience greater confidence and sense of accomplishment in nurse-patient communication,and empathy is in its continuous development.However,they still have difficulties in deep-level emotional communication with patients.Clinical instructors need to further develop their nurse-patient communication ability.

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Development and effects of quick checklist for restricted patients MA Li,GE Bao-lan,CUI Man,MA Jing-wei 2021, 18 (3):  202-207.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.002 Abstract ( 269 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (951KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To evaluate the effects of quick checklist on unplanned extubation prevention for restricted patients. Methods By searching for the literature regarding the causes of unplanned extubation,and combining expert consultation,we developed a quick checklist for restricted patients. The incidence of unplanned extubation of patients with physical restraint before and after the checklist application was compared. Besides,nurses used a quick checklist to find out a series of risks and shortcomings of patient restraint. Results After the checklist application,the incidence of unplanned extubation of restricted patients decreased from 5.63%（36/639） to 0.72%（2/278）,and the difference was statistically significant（ χ2=4.315,P<0.05）. Conclusion The quick checklist can help nurses quickly identify risks and limitations,reduce the incidence of unplanned extubation,improve pipeline safety,and improve the quality of care.

Special Planning——Paths to Becoming a Midwife: Getting an Education

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Exploration of psychological process of nursing undergraduates in midwifery by grounded theory WANG Jin-yan, GU Rui-rui, WU Li-ping 2021, 18 (3):  208-213.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.003 Abstract ( 316 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (964KB) ( 6 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the psychological process of nursing undergraduates in midwifery. Methods A semi-structured interview was conducted on 17 nursing undergraduates in midwifery. The grounded theory method was used. The data were analyzed through constant comparison,three-level coding and memoranda writing. Results Nursing undergraduates in midwifery had 4 periods of psychological processes,including the initial stage of vision,stage of learning exploration,stage of growth and transformation,and stage of rational choice. Intrinsic motivation,professional cognition,professional emotion,coping strategies and external influence affect the development of students’ psychological process. Conclusion According to the students’ psychological process,we encourage students to develop profession knowledge based on interest,suggest schools adopt comprehensive measures to improve the professional training scheme and help students overcome difficulties in their studies,and call for policy supports from the government to provide students with more employment options and alleviate the imbalance of midwife human resources.

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The application of bedside teaching method in the course of Midwifery WU Ying-ying,XU Meng-yan,YING Yin,ZHANG Yao,HE Gui-juan,TU Le-wei 2021, 18 (3):  214-217.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.004 Abstract ( 279 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (710KB) ( 4 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the effects of bedside teaching in the course of Midwifery. Methods A convenience sampling was used to recruit 62 midwifery students of grade 2017 from Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. By using bedside teaching,theoretical and experimental class of midwifery and midwifery skills were integrated into clinical practice in hospital departments. In the end of the semester,students’ involvement was assessed and a questionnaire was used to evaluate the learning effects. Case analysis score of grade 2017 students was compared with that of grade 2016. Results The rate of speaking in the class was 87.1%,questioning rate was 53.2%. The final case analysis score of students in grade 2017 was better than that of students in 2016（P<0.05）. Students in grade 2017 agreed that the teaching method was novel. 96.8% of the students thought the teaching contents were closer to the clinical setting. 95.2% of the students thought the teacher-student relationship was more harmonious,and 92.0% of the students thought it would be helpful for future clinical work and it was necessary to continue. Conclusion Bedside teaching improve the involvement of students in the class and it can improve the teaching effects.

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Evaluation of training for midwives with different levels LI Qian,HANG Zheng 2021, 18 (3):  218-221.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.005 Abstract ( 207 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (670KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the methods and effects of training for midwives with different levels. Methods A total of 68 midwives in the obstetric departments of 2 tertiary hospitals were selected. Before the intervention,the Midwifery Competency Assessment Tool was used to assess their ability and they were divided into the novice level,competency level,proficiency level,and expert level according to their scores. Based on the constructed midwife-level training program,they were trained for 2 years. Level adjustment was performed based on the assessment results. The theoretical and practical assessment results were compared before and after intervention. The level changes were also evaluated. Results After the training,the scores of the theoretical examination and the scores of various practical skills of the midwives at all levels were improved compared with those before the training（all P<0.05）.The number of midwives of novice level was reduced from 32 to 13,the number of competency level was increased from 22 to 30,the number of proficiency level was increased from 12 to 21,and the number of expert level was increased from 2 to 4. Conclusion Level training of midwives can improve the theoretical and operational capabilities of clinical midwives at all levels,and achieve dynamic management.

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The practice of specialty nurse training of midwifery based on core competence XU Rong-hua,SHEN Pei-jun,LI Ling-fang,JIA Juan-juan,LU Tian-hui,WU Jian-ping 2021, 18 (3):  222-226.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.006 Abstract ( 354 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (752KB) ( 3 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the effects of specialty nurse training of midwifery based on core competence. Methods A total of 39 midwives in 2019 were selected. Based on the core competency of midwives,the training of theory（7 weeks） and skills（9 weeks）was carried out in the following six aspects：pre pregnancy health care,pregnancy health care,delivery health care,postpartum health care,neonatal health care and public health care. The theoretical knowledge,clinical skills and midwives’ core competence before and after training were compared. Results After the training,the theoretical and clinical skills scores of the midwives were improved（P<0.05）. The core competency score of midwives was increased from（3.79±0.47） to（4.16±0.43）（P<0.05）. Conclusion The training of specialty nurse of midwifery based on core competence can effectively improve enhance the core competency of midwives.

Nursing Education

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The blended teaching practice based on maker education 2.0 in trauma rescue for nursing undergraduates ZHANG Xia,HUANG Di,CHEN Fang,GOU Xian-juan,JIANG Zhi-xia 2021, 18 (3):  227-231.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.007 Abstract ( 312 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (665KB) ( 4 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To analyze the practice effects of blended teaching practice based on maker education 2.0 in trauma rescue for nursing undergraduate. Methods A total of 72 nursing undergraduates of grade 2016 were enrolled and were divided into the experimental group（n=36） and the control group（n=36） according to a random number table. Students in the experimental group received the blended teaching model based on maker education 2.0 while students in the control group received the traditional teaching. The results of the theoretical and skill examination between both groups were compared,the creativity tendency scores of the experimental group before and after the intervention were compared. Results The score of theoretical examination of students in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group（90.46±6.76 vs 78.58±7.83,t=6.890,P<0.001）while there was no significance difference on the score of skill performance between both groups（74.47±3.29 vs 76.21±4.89,t=1.771,P=0.082）. Scores of creativity tendency after intervention were higher than those before intervention（106.73±12.30 vs 120.70±8.40,t=7.472,P<0.001） for the students in the experimental group. Conclusion The blended teaching based on maker education 2.0 is beneficial to improve the teaching effects and to enhance students’ innovative abilities in trauma rescue.

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The practice of online teaching of Nursing Aesthetics in a higher vocational college HE Wen-jing,CHEN Feng-ping,CHEN Zi-ai 2021, 18 (3):  232-234.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.008 Abstract ( 180 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (467KB) ( 1 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the effects of online teaching of Nursing Aesthetics in a higher vocational college. Methods The teaching team was established and online contents was developed. Besides,the online teaching activities were also designed. Based on a learning and education platform,365 nursing students in a higher vocational college were taught online. Students examination performance and online learning data were assessed. Results The final examination score of students was（87.12±3.67）. The average completion rate of video watching was 98.8%,the average rate of attendance was 95.5%,the average number of online discussions was 22.9,and the completion rate of homework after class was 96.3%. Conclusion Students’ final examination scores and class participation are acceptable.

Continuing Education

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Development of the clinical rotation evaluation system for newly recruited nurses with a bachelor’s degree HAN Xian-hong,DING Chun-ge,LU Feng-hua,LIU Yan-jin 2021, 18 (3):  235-239.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.009 Abstract ( 232 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (703KB) ( 5 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To develop a clinical rotation evaluation system for nurses undergoing standardized training. Methods Through literature review and expert group discussion,the preliminary items were designed. By using the Delphi method,18 experts in the field of clinical nursing（teaching）,nursing management,and nursing education were selected and two rounds of expert letter consultation were consulted. Results The recovery rates of the 2 rounds consultation were 90% and 100%,respectively. The Cr was 0.886,and the Kendall’s W were 0.213 and 0.210 respectively（all P<0.05）. The final clinical rotation evaluation system for nurses included 8 first-level indicators and 29 second-level indicators. Besides,suggestions on assessment methods,tools and timing were all proposed. Conclusion The clinical rotation evaluation system is reliable,scientific and practical,which can provide a tool for clinical comprehensive ability assessment for nurses undergoing standardized training and provides reference for managers to train and select talents.

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The effects of Balint group on improving humanistic care ability of nurses HU Xin-yu,LIU Xiu-hong,XING Cai-xia,FANG Fang,XIONG Mei,CHEN Xi-shan,HU Gan-lu 2021, 18 (3):  240-243.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.010 Abstract ( 355 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (578KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the effects of Balint group on improving nurses’ humanistic care ability. Methods A total of 91 nurses were recruited to participate in the training of humanistic care ability. They were randomly divided into the control group（55 cases）and the experimental group（36 cases）by drawing lots. Nurses in the control group participated in six lectures organized by the hospital for one year. Nurses in the experimental group received Balint group activities once a quarter besides the regular lectures. The humanistic care ability,empathy ability and emotional intelligence of the two groups before the training,the training for half one year and the training for one year were compared. Results The scores of Caring Ability Scale,Jefferson Empathy Scale and Emotional Intelligence Scale had interaction effects between groups and time（Finteraction=26.403,88.817,90.085,all P<0.001）. The simple effect analysis showed that the scores of Caring Ability Scale,Jefferson Empathy Scale and Emotional Intelligence Scale of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group of the training for half one year and one year（P<0.05）。Conclusion Balint group activities can effectively improve nurses’ humanistic care ability,empathy ability and emtional intelligence.

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Path analysis of the influence of emotional intelligence and communication satisfaction of clinical nurses on empathy FANG Xiao-xia,LI Xue,CHANG Hong-juan 2021, 18 (3):  244-247.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.011 Abstract ( 235 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (579KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the effects of emotional intelligence and communication satisfaction on clinical nurses’ empathy. Methods The general information questionnaire,the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals,Wong and Law’s Emotional Intelligence Scale and Interpersonal Communication Satisfaction Scale were used to investigate 1,475 nurses in a tertiary general hospital in Henan province. AMOS 21.0 software was used to establish the model and conduct path analysis. Results Clinical nurses’ communication satisfaction was positively correlated with their empathic ability（r=0.519,P<0.001）,and communication satisfaction was positively correlated with their emotional intelligence（r=0.568,P<0.001）. There was a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and empathy（r=0.346,P<0.001）. Direct positive effect of emotional intelligence on communication satisfaction was found（β=0.686,P<0.05）. The communication satisfaction was directly correlated with empathy ability（β=0.510,P<0.05）. There was no effect of empathy ability on emotional intelligence（β=0.010,P>0.05）. However,empathy intelligence was correlated with empathy ability through communication satisfaction（total effect：0.360）. Conclusion Nursing managers should take measures to enhance nurses’ communication satifaction,so as to give full play to the mediating role of communication satisfaction in emotional intelligence and empathy ability.

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Knowledge and its influecing factors of post-stroke dysphagia of nurses in neurological departments SUN Qian,SU Yin,LIU Jie,HE Xue-lian,WANG Yan-ling 2021, 18 (3):  248-252.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.012 Abstract ( 296 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (629KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To investigate the knowledge of post-stroke dysphagia of neurology nurses from 18 hospitals in Beijing. Methods A total of 482 neurological and neurosurgery nurses from 18 tertiary hospitals in Beijing were selected by convenience sampling. The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge of post-stroke dysphagia. Results The knowledge score of post-stroke dysphagia was（24.70±5.09）. The main influencing factors of nurses’ knowledge were training times,highest education degree,department and position,which accounted for 13.0% of the total variation. Conclusion The knowledge of neurology nurses on post-stroke dysphagia is in the middle level,which needs to be improved. Nursing managers and educators should increase the training times,strengthen the relevant training of neurosurgery nurses,and strengthen the training of swallowing disorder screening and evaluation content.

Clinical Practice

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Evidence summary of prevention of stroke associated pneumonia in patients with dysphagia GUO Yuan-li, MA Ke-ke, DONG Xiao-fang, YANG Cai-xia, WANG Ai-xia 2021, 18 (3):  253-259.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.013 Abstract ( 260 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (912KB) ( 42 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To summarize and evaluate the best evidence for the prevention of stoke associated pneumonia（SAP） in patients with dysphagia. Methods We searched evidence in UpToDate,BMJ best practice,the Cochrane Library,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,China Biology Medicine disc,Wanfang database from inception to May 6,2020. The quality assessment was conducted by two researchers using AGREE Ⅱ for guidelines and JBI evidence-based health care center evaluate standards（2016） for systematic review,expert consensus,cohort studies and case-control studies. Results A total of 14 articles were included in this study,including 9 guidelines,1 systematic review,2 expert consensus and 1 case-control study.Twenty-three pieces of the best evidence were extracted including the diagnostic criteria,risk factors,swallowing disorders management,aspiration prevention,oral hygiene and disease observation. Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence of prevention of SAP in patients with dysphagia for clinical nursing staff. In order to promote nursing quality,clinical environment and other related factors should be assessed before application as the current study summarized the evidence from several countries.

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The effects of heart rehabilitation program based on electronic health on patients with coronary heart disease：a systematic review ZHOU Li-na,FU Ming-yue,SUN Lin,WAN Ying-xue,GE Xing 2021, 18 (3):  260-265.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.014 Abstract ( 231 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (965KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of electronic health cardiac rehabilitation program on patients with coronary heart disease. Methods Comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane,Springer,ScienceDirect,Ovid,EBSCO,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP,supplemented by manual search. The search time limit was form inception to April 2020. The effects of heart rehabilitation was determined by mata-analysis with Stata 14.0 after data extraction and quality appraisal. Results A total of 14 studies were included. Compared with the control group,the electronic health-based cardiac rehabilitation program could improve the time of physical activity（SMD=0.24,95%CI=0.04~0.45,P=0.02）,daily steps（SMD=0.41,95%CI=0.22~0.60,P<0.001）,the quality of life（SMD=0.97,95%CI=0.12~1.81,P=0.02）,and reduce the readmission rate（RR=0.49,95%CI=0.27~0.89,P=0.02）. Sensitivity analysis found that cardiac rehabilitation based on electronic health could effectively improve eating habits（SMD=0.49,95%CI=0.15~0.83,P=0.005）,total cholesterol level（SMD=-0.23,95%CI=-0.41~-0.04,P=0.02）,and low-density lipoprotein（SMD=-0.36,95%CI=-0.55~-0.17,P<0.001）. Conclusion Cardiac rehabilitation based on electronic health can effectively improve patients’ enthusiasm for sustaining a good lifestyle,improving their eating habits,and quality of life,reducing their total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels,and the readmission rate.

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Evaluation of the reliability and validity of Health Literacy Scale-Chinese ZHAO Xiao-yan,LI Yan-ru,ZENG Yong-mei,CHENG Li 2021, 18 (3):  266-269.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.015 Abstract ( 652 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (584KB) ( 6 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To translate the Health Literacy Scale（HLS）into Chinese,and assess the reliability and validity of Health Literacy Scale-Chinese（HLS-C）. Methods Brislin translation model was utilized to translate and back-translate the HLS,cross-cultural revision of the translated HLS was carried out through expert consulting and pilot survey. An expert panel（n=6） was used to evaluate the content validity of HLS-C. The construct validity and internal consistency were tested in 164 diabetes patients from four hospitals in Guangzhou. Results The item-level CVI of HLS-C was 0.83~1.00,the scale-level CVI was 0.99.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the χ 2/df was 1.962,the root mean square error of approximation was 0.077,the normed fit index was 0.864,non-normed fit index was 0.909,incremental fit index was 0.928,and comparative fit index was 0.927. The factor loads of each item ranged from 0.47 to 0.91,which was consistent with the original scale. Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.868. Conclusion HLS-C has been proved to be valid and reliable,which can be used to evaluate the health literacy of Chinese patients with diabetes,and guide the implementation of diabetes health education.

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Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale-New Mother Form LI Wen,ZHANG Yan,YANG Xiao-wei,JIANG Wen-bin,GONG Hui,LÜ Bo-han,ZOU Yu-jiao,WEI Li-li 2021, 18 (3):  270-274.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.016 Abstract ( 376 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (719KB) ( 20 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To translate the Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale-New Mother Form and test its reliability and validity. Methods After translation,back translation,cultural adjustment and preliminary assessment on the scale,the Chinese version of the scale was finalized. Then the questionnaire was distributed to 200 pregnant women in Qingdao to evaluate its reliability and validity. Results The Chinese version of the scale included 10 items.The scale-level content validity index and the item-level content validity index were both 1. One factor was extracted by exploratory factor analysis. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 81.627%. the Chinese version of the scale had a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.974,the half-reliability of 0.968,and the retest reliability of 0.971. Conclusion The Chinese version of the scale has good reliability and validity,and can be applied to evaluate the coping difficulties of Chinese women after discharge.

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The finger-ring test in sarcopenia screening for older adults WEN Peng-tian,ZHANG Rui-li,LI Hui-juan,WANG Bing-fei 2021, 18 (3):  275-278.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.017 Abstract ( 425 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (532KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To assess the application value of a screening tool—finger-ring test in sarcopenia screening for older adults in the community. Methods The finger-ring test was used to evaluate the sarcopenia for 303 community older adults who met the criteria. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia（AWGS） was used for golden criteria. The indicators including sensitivity,specificity,Youden index,likelihood ratio,predictive value,and Kappa coefficient were applied to evaluate the diagnostic appropriateness of the finger-ring test. Results According to the AWGS diagnostic criteria,there were 80 older adults with sarcopenia and 223 older adults without sarcopenia. The finger-ring test had a sensitivity of 70.00%,specificity of 85.65%,Youden index of 0.56,positive and negative likelihood ratios of 4.88 and 0.35,positive and negative predictive values of 63.64% and 88.84%,and Kappa coefficient of 0.46. Conclusion The finger-ring test,as a self-screening tool,has good screening value and can be used to screen for sarcopenia for the older adults in the community.

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Family hardiness and its influecing factors of caregivers of children with tic disorder YE Xiu-juan,WANG Xiao-yan,LIU Gui-hua,LIN Min,HUANG Shu-tong,ZHAO Jiang,WANG Ting-ting 2021, 18 (3):  279-283.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.018 Abstract ( 346 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (674KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the family hardiness of caregivers of children with tic disorder. Methods A total of 167 caregivers of children with tic disorder were investigated with general information questionnaire,Yale Global Tic Severity Scale,Family Hardiness Index（FHI） and Parenting Stress Index Short Form（PSI-SF）. Results The total score of Family Hardiness Index of caregivers was（40.14±5.89）. The score of FHI was nega-tively correlated with the total score of PSI-SF（P<0.01）. The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the parenting stress,the severity of disease and the education background of the main caregivers could predict the 57.4% variation of family hardiness. Conclusion The family hardiness of caregivers of children with tic disorder is at a low level. We should pay attention to the family hardiness as well as the disease itself. Through the guidance of disease knowledge and psychological guidance to children’s caregivers,we can reduce the level of parenting stress,provide a good family environment,and promote the recovery of children’s disease.

Review

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The current status of video-based health education LIANG He-jing,HUANG Jin,JIANG Feng,ZHANG Ting,ZHAO Mei-cun 2021, 18 (3):  284-288.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.03.019 Abstract ( 357 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (737KB) ( 3 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics This article introduces the contents and advantages of video-based health education,applicable people,effects,etc. We propose strategies and suggestions to solve the limitations of video-based health education in our country. Health educators can use the opportunities of our times and explore health education forms that keep pace with the times.