“新双高”背景下高职护理教育的现实困境与“五金”建设路径探析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在新一轮“高水平高职学校和专业建设”背景下，高职护理教育作为对接健康中国战略、培育基层健康服务主力军的关键环节，仍面临战略性认识不足、人才培养定位偏移、教育性体现不充分、开放性设计欠缺、社会服务能力薄弱等现实困境，导致“校热企冷”“进口热出口冷”“理念热实操冷”等结构性矛盾日益凸显，人才培养与行业需求存在明显脱节。该文采用文献综述与案例分析相结合的方法，在系统梳理政策文件与相关研究基础上，结合就业数据与部分实践探索，提出应以产教深度融合与全过程数字化转型为核心路径，围绕“五金”建设（即金专业、金课程、金教师、金教材、金基地），通过构建行业特色协同平台、深化人工智能与虚拟仿真技术赋能、开发岗课赛证融通教材、打造“虚实共生”智慧实训基地等创新举措，系统推动护理职业教育体系重构与质量提升，为培养“精护理、懂智能、善照护”的高素质技术技能人才、服务大健康产业发展与中国式现代化提供可行路径。

关键词: 职业教育, 产教融合, 教育改革, 护理

Abstract:

Under the New Double High-level Vocational Colleges Initiative，higher vocational nursing education remains pivotal to “Healthy China” yet faces persistent dilemmas：vague strategic awareness，misaligned training objectives，insufficient educational transformation，weak openness，and limited social service capacity. These drawbacks trigger structural conflicts including active school participation paired with passive enterprise engagement，high admission rates accompanied by poor employment outcomes，and overemphasis on theoretical learning at the expense of practical competency，ultimately creating a disconnect between nursing talent output and healthcare industry demands. This study adopts a literature review approach supplemented by a case study. Based on a systematic review of policy documents and relevant research，combined with employment data and preliminary practical exploration，this paper proposes that deeper industry-education integration and comprehensive digital transformation serve as core pathways. Focusing on the “Five Golden Elements”—specialties，courses，teachers，materials，and training bases—it suggests concrete measures：building industry-collaborative platforms，integrating AI and virtual simulation into teaching，developing materials aligned with “post-course-competition-certification” integration，and establishing virtual-real smart training bases. These efforts aim to systematically enhance vocational nursing education quality，cultivating skilled professionals who are “proficient in nursing，knowledgeable in intelligence，and competent in care”，so as to underpin the high-quality development of the healthcare sector and advance Chinese-style modernization.

Key words: Vocational Education, Industry-education Integration, Educational Reform, Nursing

夏立平. “新双高”背景下高职护理教育的现实困境与“五金”建设路径探析[J]. 中华护理教育, 2026, 23(9): 1029-1035.

XIA Liping. Realistic dilemmas and pathways to the “Five Golden Elements” construction in higher vocational nursing education under the “New Double High” background[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2026, 23(9): 1029-1035.

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