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eISSN 2097-6054 ISSN 1672-9234 CN 11-5289/R
Responsible Institution:China Association for Science and Technology
Publishing:Chinese Nursing Journals Publishing House Co.,Ltd.
Sponsor:Chinese Nursing Association
Source journal for Chinese Science Citation Database
China Academic Journals Full-text Database
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Scopus

Table of Content

    15 September 2026, Volume 23 Issue 9 Previous Issue   
    The New Round Construction of High Level Vocational Colleges and Specialty Groups
    Realistic dilemmas and pathways to the “Five Golden Elements” construction in higher vocational nursing education under the “New Double High” background
    XIA Liping
    2026, 23 (9):  1029-1035.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.001
    Abstract ( 144 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1579KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Under the New Double High-level Vocational Colleges Initiative,higher vocational nursing education remains pivotal to “Healthy China” yet faces persistent dilemmas:vague strategic awareness,misaligned training objectives,insufficient educational transformation,weak openness,and limited social service capacity. These drawbacks trigger structural conflicts including active school participation paired with passive enterprise engagement,high admission rates accompanied by poor employment outcomes,and overemphasis on theoretical learning at the expense of practical competency,ultimately creating a disconnect between nursing talent output and healthcare industry demands. This study adopts a literature review approach supplemented by a case study. Based on a systematic review of policy documents and relevant research,combined with employment data and preliminary practical exploration,this paper proposes that deeper industry-education integration and comprehensive digital transformation serve as core pathways. Focusing on the “Five Golden Elements”—specialties,courses,teachers,materials,and training bases—it suggests concrete measures:building industry-collaborative platforms,integrating AI and virtual simulation into teaching,developing materials aligned with “post-course-competition-certification” integration,and establishing virtual-real smart training bases. These efforts aim to systematically enhance vocational nursing education quality,cultivating skilled professionals who are “proficient in nursing,knowledgeable in intelligence,and competent in care”,so as to underpin the high-quality development of the healthcare sector and advance Chinese-style modernization.

    Thinking and practice on the innovative pathways for high-quality development of industry-education integration in higher vocational nursing empowered by artificial intelligence
    ZHANG Xiangeng, DENG Xiaoli, LIANG Xiaoli, ZHENG Shuang, ZHANG Wen, WANG Hongyan, XU Fei
    2026, 23 (9):  1036-1040.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.002
    Abstract ( 103 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 1 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Against the dual background of the Healthy China Strategy and accelerating population aging,and addressing the four dilemmas facing industry-education integration in higher vocational nursing—superficial cooperation,the simulation gap,faculty lag,and unitary evaluation—this study constructs artificial intelligence(AI) enabled developmental pathways tailored to institutional features covering four core measures:constructing a digital platform for industry-education integration to achieve intelligent resource matching;reconstructing modular curricula using knowledge graphs and digital twins to address the simulation gap,ethical constraints,and human-AI collaborative nursing competency development;forging a dual-qualified instructor + AI teaching assistants integrated teaching team through a teacher professional development cloud platform;and building a full-process data-driven evaluation system to achieve precise diagnosis. Practical outcomes verify that AI technology can effectively break down information barriers,dynamically update teaching content,quantitatively assess comprehensive competencies,enhance the alignment between talent cultivation and industry needs,and promote the evolution of school-enterprise collaboration from point-to-point towards ecosystem-based synergy. Future efforts should deepen the integration mechanism of AI + nursing education + nursing services,so as to cultivate more high-quality nursing technical and skilled talents for advancing the Healthy China Strategy.

    Research on the logic and pathways for developing nursing specialty clusters under the background of the Healthy China strategy and the “New Double High” plan
    XIONG Wei, LI Xiping
    2026, 23 (9):  1041-1045.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.003
    Abstract ( 95 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1221KB) ( 2 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Against the dual backdrop of the in-depth implementation of the Healthy China Strategy and steady progress of the New Double High Vocational Education Initiative,nursing specialty clusters act as a crucial carrier for forstering high-quality health professionals in higher vocational colleges. Their development quality directly determines the delivery of the Healthy China Strategy and the connotative development of vocational education. This paper systematically elaborates on the core connotations of the Healthy China Strategy,delineates the core boundaries and dynamic adjustment mechanisms of nursing specialty clusters,and conducts an in-depth analysis of prevailing bottlenecks hindering cluster development under the Initiative,including vague formative logic and obsolete curriculum frameworks. Covering six dimensions—reshaping talent training objectives,constructing a “platform + module” curriculum system,and promoting characteristic brand building—the study puts forward targeted developmental pathways for nursing specialty clusters guided by the Healthy China Strategy. The research aims to provide theoretical reference and practical insights for higher vocational colleges to optimize the construction of nursing specialty clusters,cultivate interdisciplinary nursing talents adaptable to the needs of the large health industry,and thereby contribute to the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy and the high-quality development of vocational education,and promote the nursing specialty clusters to deeply connect with the development needs of the industry and integrate into the regional economic development pattern.

    Developing and application of a three-stage progressive virtual simulation-based practical training system in vocational nursing education
    YANG Shilai, PENG Jin, HONG Yingying, HUANG Chunying, LI Hui
    2026, 23 (9):  1046-1052.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.004
    Abstract ( 93 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1438KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    To address prominent bottlenecks in vocational nursing practical training,such as restricted clinical contexts,the disconnect between educational supply and clinical demand,and the absence of specialized streaming pathways,this study adopts a multidimensional stakeholder analysis matrix to gather high-quality data regarding nursing talent cultivation. Grounded in Benner’s Novice-to-Expert theory and situated learning theory,it pioneered a “college-industry-enterprise” collaborative model and innovatively constructs a three-stage progressive virtual simulation-based training system guided by professional development logic. Practical application demonstrates that this system empowers the high-quality,substantive development of the nursing program cluster. Furthermore,it provides a replicable digital practice paradigm for training versatile nursing specialists to meet the talent shortages of the comprehensive healthcare industry.

    Discipline Development and Professional Construction
    Construction and practice exploration of a teaching quality assurance system in medical universities under digital transformation
    ZHAO Yang, ZHANG Chunhui, ZHANG Lili, WEN Mingang
    2026, 23 (9):  1053-1060.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.005
    Abstract ( 57 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2294KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Against the backdrop of the Digital Education Strategy Action Plan(2023-2025) and national initiative for high-quality development in higher education,medical universities urgently need to establish teaching quality assurance systems that can adapt to digital transformation,particularly in clinical teaching and practical training. Guided by the principles of Total Quality Management(TQM) and tailored to the characteristics of medical education,Southern Medical University constructed a teaching quality assurance system covering the university,faculty,and curriculum dimensions,supported by information technology platforms for continuous quality monitoring and improvement throughout the teaching process. This paper systematically elaborates the practical approaches adopted in the system,including a three-cycle collaborative governance framework,a dual-subject participation mechanism involving teachers and students,restructured curriculum evaluation mechanisms,and technology-enabled whole-process quality monitoring. By establishing medical education-oriented quality indicators and addressing key challenges such as difficulties in supervising clinical internships,fragmented course evaluation,and disjointed teaching data,the system enables precision and dynamic teaching quality governance. The implementation of the system has facilitated continuous improvement in teaching quality,enhanced management efficiency,and increased teacher and student engagement. The experience may provide useful implications for teaching quality assurance system development in medical universities,with particular reference to nursing specialty teaching governance.

    Practice and reflection on the construction of interdisciplinary courses combining “Nursing+X”
    REN Lihua, CHEN Hua, SUN Hongyu
    2026, 23 (9):  1061-1065.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.006
    Abstract ( 78 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (839KB) ( 0 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics

    With the rapid advancement of medical technology and the diversification of health needs,there is an urgent need for future nurses to transition into multifaceted and composite roles. Cultivating “Nursing + X” inter- disciplinary talents with cross-disciplinary collaboration capabilities has become an inevitable trend. However,the traditional nursing curriculum system struggles to meet this demand. Based on a systematic review of domestic and international experiences in the cultivation of “Nursing + X” interdisciplinary talents,curriculum development,and practical experiences in the construction of national first-class undergraduate courses,this study proposes that the “Nursing + X” interdisciplinary curriculum should take addressing nursing issues as its core objective and use “X” as a means of interdisciplinary problem-solving,thereby supporting the high-quality development of the nursing discipline. Finally,the study discusses the challenges and corresponding considerations in faculty allocation,curriculum content design,and practice base selection in the construction of “Nursing + X” interdisciplinary courses. This research aims to provide insights for the development of “Nursing + X” interdisciplinary curricula in China. In the future,efforts should be made to further establish interdisciplinary teacher training programs for “Nursing + X” and to build interdisciplinary practice platforms,thereby forming a more comprehensive “Nursing + X” interdisciplinary curriculum system.

    Curriculum, Teaching Materials, Teaching Methods
    Construction and teaching practice of intelligent Surgical Nursing Courses empowered by artificial intelligence
    LIU Xinxin, ZHAO Xuerong, QIN Qindan, FAN Jingjing, WANG Mengyao, LI Fang, HU Yang, YAN Ping
    2026, 23 (9):  1065-1072.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.007
    Abstract ( 90 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1262KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To explore the construction pathway and teaching effects of an intelligent Surgical Nursing course empowered by artificial intelligence(AI). Methods The AI-empowered intelligent Surgical Nursing course was developed by clarifying teaching objectives;integrating teaching contents,designing teaching implementation and evaluation systems;developing teaching resources. Multiple AI modules were integrated into the course,including knowledge graphs,question graphs,AI teaching assistants,AI agents,and AI-based practical assignments. A total of 188 nursing students of the 2022 cohort from a Xinjiang medical university were assigned to the control group receiving conventional blended teaching,while 336 nursing students of the 2023 cohort were enrolled as the experimental group taught with the intelligent course. The effects of course reform were assessed by comparing course scores as well as pre-and post-course scores of clinical reasoning and reflective competency between the two groups. Results The experimental group achieved significantly higher scores in formative assessment,summative assessment and overall comprehensive performance than the control group(all P<0.05). Moreover,the total post-course score of clinical reasoning and reflective ability in the experimental group was statistically superior(P<0.001). Conclusion The AI-empowered intelligent Surgical Nursing course can effectively facilitate the transformation from theoretical knowledge to clinical practice,improve students’ academic performance as well as their clinical reasoning and reflective capabilities,which is worthy of widespread application and promotion.

    Teaching practice of integrating knowledge graph and artificial intelligence teaching assistant to empower Physiology teaching for nursing majors
    ZHANG Lixue, YANG Zhanli, JIN Long
    2026, 23 (9):  1073-1079.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.008
    Abstract ( 84 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1112KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To explore the application effect of the teaching supported by AI teaching assistants and knowledge graph in the Physiology course for nursing majors. Methods A total of 120 nursing undergraduates of the 2023 cohort from a university in Gansu Province were selected as the control group,and 122 nursing undergraduates of the 2024 cohort as the experimental group. In the Physiology course,the experimental group received teaching under the AI teaching assistant- and knowledge graph-empowered teaching,while the control group adopted the conventional hybrid online-offline teaching mode. The effectiveness of the teaching reform was evaluated by comparing the course scores,deep learning status and learning initiative of the two groups,as well as the teaching satisfaction of students in the experimental group. Results The final knowledge graph consisted of 8 modules,86 core knowledge points,and 318 sub-knowledge points,and was embedded with 65 videos,40 extended learning resources,and more than 500 hierarchical exercises. The total scores of course performance,deep learning and learning initiative in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). 99% of participants in the experimental group believed that this teaching reform effectively improved their learning outcomes. Conclusion The teaching empowered by artificial intelligence teaching assistant and knowledge graph can effectively improve the teaching quality of Physiology for nursing majors,facilitate students’ deep learning and active learning,and achieve high recognition among students.

    Ideological and Political Education and Quality Education
    Application of narrative combined constructivist teaching in improving medical humanistic literacy of nursing students in higher vocational colleges
    GE Binqian, SHENG Nan, LÜ Han, YU Xiaoyi, ZHANG Hui, SHEN Juan
    2026, 23 (9):  1080-1086.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.009
    Abstract ( 59 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1256KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To explore the application efficacy of narrative combined constructivist teaching in the Comprehensive Skill Enhancement course for higher vocational nursing students. Methods Convenience sampling was adopted to select students from two intact classes(sophomores) of Grade 2024 nursing major in a higher vocational college in Suzhou City as participants. By drawing lots,the classes were randomly divided into control group(n=50) and experimental group(n=49). During the Comprehensive Skill Enhancement course,the control group received conventional case-based learning(CBL),while the experimental group adopted a four-stage narrative combined constructivist teaching framework:context establishment,collaborative inquiry,meaning construction,reflection and sublimation. We compared the scores of comprehensive skill assessment between the two groups,the scores of humanistic care ability before and after the course in both groups,as well as the medical narrative ability scores of the experimental group before and after the course. Results The scores of comprehensive skill assessment and post-course humanistic care ability in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.001);the post-course medical narrative competence score was higher than its pre-course score(P<0.001). Conclusion Narrative combined constructivist teaching can improve higher vocational nursing students’ medical narrative competence,humanistic care competence and operational skills. This teaching mode is recommended for widespread adoption in nursing skills teaching courses.

    Current situation and influencing factors of generative artificial intelligence literacy among undergraduate nursing students
    YU Wanhui, SUN Haiya, LIU Ya, ZHANG Xuehui, ZHANG Lili, CHEN Yuhe, LÜ Shuqi, LIU Jiamin, LIU Bing
    2026, 23 (9):  1086-1092.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.010
    Abstract ( 144 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1154KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To explore the current status and associated influencing factors of generative artificial intelligence(GenAI) literacy among undergraduate nursing students. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. A total of 537 undergraduate nursing students from three universities in Shandong Province were recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire and the Generative Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale for College Students. Results The total GenAI literacy score of undergraduate nursing students was 132.57±23.50,with an average item score of 3.49±0.62. The average score of items in each dimension from high to low was as follows:GenAI consciousness awakening,GenAI ethical cognition,GenAI thinking shaping,GenAI skill development and GenAI knowledge construction. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that undergraduate nursing students with urban household registration,higher academic ranking in the latest semester,previous participation in artificial intelligence(AI) courses or training,higher frequency of GenAI use in the past six months,research project experience,and greater preference for GenAI tools achieved significantly higher GenAI literacy levels(all P<0.05). These six influencing factors jointly explained 32.9% of the variance in GenAI literacy among the participants. Conclusion The GenAI literacy of undergraduate nursing students is at an upper-middle level. Household background,university educational resources,and individual attitudes toward GenAI act as core influencing factors. Colleges and universities are recommended to cultivate GenAI literacy among nursing undergraduates,focus on key student groups,and reinforce training focusing on knowledge construction,so as to enhance their GenAI literacy and capabilities suitable for the intelligent era.

    Career Growth and Development
    Construction and application of situational critical care nursing teaching platform empowered by knowledge graph
    YU Jingxuan, FENG Yaping, JIN Yingying, CHEN Jianping
    2026, 23 (9):  1093-1100.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.011
    Abstract ( 86 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1445KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To construct a situational emergency and critical care teaching platform empowered by knowledge graphs(hereinafter referred to as the Platform),and explore its application effect among emergency junior nurses. Methods Focusing on four common critical illnesses including stroke,acute myocardial infarction,severe trauma and septic shock,a knowledge graph for emergency and critical care nursing was established. Taking the knowledge graph as the core engine,the Platform was developed with integrated knowledge-fused case library and basic database,and virtual-real integrated training module and intelligent evaluation module as core components. A total of 30 junior nurses in the Emergency Department of the hospital were recruited via convenience sampling as participants,and teaching combining high-fidelity simulation and virtual simulation experiments was carried out for them via the Platform. The application effect of the Platform was evaluated based on System Usability Scale(SUS) scores,pre-training and post-training human-computer interactive indicators(key operation compliance rate,decision response time,situational module completion duration,the accuracy of situational theoretical tests),and qualitative interview feedback from participants. Results The average SUS score rated by the 30 junior nurses was(70.33±5.69). All interactive indicators between nurses and the Platform after training were significantly superior to those before training(P<0.05). Three themes were extracted from interview data of 20 junior nurses:multi-dimensional benefits brought by the Platform,multiple factors influencing nurses’ willingness to use the Platform,and optimization demands for the platform. Conclusion The Platform possesses satisfactory usability and can effectively improve junior nurses’ proficiency in emergency and critical care nursing. Further optimization of system performance should be carried out in combination with clinical demands and user feedback,and long-term improvement of professional competency brought by the Platform shall be evaluated in follow-up studies.

    Application research of scenario-based simulation teaching based on real-time live streaming in nursing safety training for newly employed nurses in operating rooms
    SUN Liqun, WEI Wei, SUN Zhentao, ZHAO Haiyun, ZHANG Zengmei, LI Shengyun
    2026, 23 (9):  1101-1107.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.012
    Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1056KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To explore the application efficacy of real-time live broadcast combined with situational simulation teaching in nursing safety training for newly recruited nurses in the operating room. Methods Participants were divided by entry year:35 nurses hired in 2023 were formed the control group receiving conventional teaching,while 37 nurses recuited in 2024 made up the experimental group taught via integrated live broadcast and situational simulation modes. Training topics and content were formulated based on the Ten Patient Safety Goals for Surgery,and ten standardized case scripts were compiled and rehearsed. Researchers evaluated both groups’ patient safety competency at baseline and one month after clinical rotation. After training,theoretical and practical assessments were conducted. The theoretical and operational assessment scores,patient safety nurse competency scores,and teaching satisfaction of the two groups of new nurses were compared. Results The nursing safety theory assessment scores for the experimental group and the control group were(91.27±2.31) and(87.14±2.98) respectively. The operation assessment scores were(84.14±2.70) and(78.57±2.34) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After one month of clinical practice,the scores for “Patient Safety Nurse Competency” in the experimental group and the control group were(148.76±6.12) and (122.51±7.00) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The integrated teaching mode combining real-time live streaming and situational simulations can effectively improve the nursing safety knowledge,skills,and patient safety competency levels of newly recruited nurses.

    Application of four-quadrant localization combined with mechanical quantification method in nursing education for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
    TIAN Jinglei, YU Aiyu, MA Wencong, SHEN Xuanli, HU Tingting, LOU Qifeng
    2026, 23 (9):  1108-1114.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.013
    Abstract ( 63 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1325KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To explore the application effect of the combination of four-quadrant localization and mechanical quantitative method in nursing education for advanced training nurses in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). Methods A historical control study design was adopted,with ERCP advanced training nurses from the digestive endoscopy center of a hospital as the research objects. Those from January 2022 to December 2023(n=57) were assigned to the control group,and those from January 2024 to June 2025(n=59) to the experimental group. The control group adopted phased teaching method,while the experimental group integrated four-quadrant localization and mechanical quantitative method in addition to the phased teaching. Theoretical assessment scores,operational assessment scores and teaching effect evaluation were compared between the two groups,and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the experimental group. Results The operational assessment scores of the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). This difference was mainly reflected in individual skills such as biliary-pancreatic duct axial judgment,direction adjustment of incision knife and coordination of deep guidewire intubation. Comparison of teaching method evaluations between the two groups showed statistically significant differences in five aspects:facilitating the understanding of knowledge and theory,enhancing movement accuracy,improving critical thinking ability,improving problem-analysis ability,and enhancing self-confidence and sense of professional value(all P<0.001). Five themes were extracted from qualitative interviews:four-quadrant positioning improves judgment proactivity and accuracy;graded force quantification aids in force control;nursephysician cooperation shifts from “passive waiting” to “active coordination”;the teaching method is concrete and structured,reducing the learning curve and anxiety;and expectations for a standardized and systematic training system. Conclusion The combination of four-quadrant localization and mechanical quantitative method can effectively improve the operational skill level and comprehensive teaching effect of ERCP advanced training nurses,and promote the coordinated development of theoretical cognition,practical ability and professional confidence.

    Professional Practice
    Sinicization of the Perceived Peer Support Scale and its reliability and validity test in primary caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes
    YUAN Ting, ZHANG Chuhao, CHEN Xiaochun, ZHENG Yan, ZHOU Yue, WANG Dan, XIN Hanjia
    2026, 23 (9):  1114-1120.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.014
    Abstract ( 76 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1057KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To translate the Peer Mentor Support Scale (PMSS) into Chinese and examine its reliability and validity for primary caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in China. Methods With formal permission granted by the original scale author,the Chinese version of the PMSS was developed following the Brislin translation framework,including forward translation,back-translation,cultural adaptation,and pre-experiment pilot testing. From September 2025 to January 2026,a convenience sample of 455 primary caregivers of children with T1DM was recruited from a tertiary children’s hospital in Zhejiang Province. Psychometric properties of the Chinese PMSS were evaluated,and a split-half cross-validation was performed to examine the stability of the unidimensional structure. Results All original 17 items and unidimensional structure were preserved in the Chinese PMSS. Item critical ratios varied ranged from 15.788 to 24.287,and the correlation coefficients between each item score and the total scale score ranged from 0.722 to 0.819(all P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable fit for the unidimensional model:χ2/df=4.109,RMSEA=0.083,CFI=0.932,TLI=0.922,and SRMR=0.041. The standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.692 to 0.809. The composite reliability and average variance extracted were 0.957 and 0.567,respectively. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.957,and the split-half reliability was 0.967. Split-half cross-validation showed that the unidimensional model had a generally acceptable fit in both subsamples,with standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.654 to 0.821 and from 0.695 to 0.829,respectively. Conclusion The Chinese version of the PMSS demonstrates sound reliability and validity and is suitable for measuring perceived peer mentor support among primary caregivers of children with T1DM in China.

    Analysis of training transfer effect and its influencing factors among wound and ostomy specialty nurses
    CHANG Mingming, WANG Junxia, XU Feng, WANG Xiaolei, LI Xi, HE Xinxing
    2026, 23 (9):  1121-1127.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.015
    Abstract ( 76 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (999KB) ( 3 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To investigate the training transfer efficacy of wound and ostomy specialty nurses and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From November to December 2025,convenience sampling was applied to enroll 328 nurses as participants. The participants consisted of two groups:nurses who received training at the six provincial wound and ostomy specialty nurse training bases,as well as nurses from the six bases who participated in the wound and ostomy specialty nurse training program organized by the Chinese Nursing Association. All participants obtained official training qualification certificates from 2020 to 2025. Questionnaires including the general demographic information questionnaire,the Specialty Nurse Training Transfer Effect Scale,the General Training Climate Scale,and the Nurses’ Work Environment Scale were used for data collection. Results The total score of training transfer effect among wound and ostomy specialty nurses was(23.87±4.54). Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that marital status(unmarried,divorced/widowed,with married status as the reference group),administrative position,workplace setting(outpatient department,with ward as the reference group),frequency of engaging in specialized wound and ostomy nursing,and institutional support for wound and ostomy services jointly explained 32.7% of the variance in training transfer efficacy. Organizational training climate independently contributed 29.4% of the variance,and professional autonomy plus sufficient staffing accounted for an extra 5.6% of the variance. Conclusion The training transfer effect of wound and ostomy specialty nurses is at a moderately high level and is influenced by a variety of factors. In the future,hospitals should fully stimulate the exemplary leading effect of unmarried nurses in training transfer,strengthen managerial support for specialized wound and ostomy nursing services by developing specialist competency maintenance and training conversion programmes for nurses holding administrative duties and setting up a ward rotation practice mechanism for outpatient wound and ostomy specialty nurses to secure adequate practical operation opportunities in relevant nursing care,foster a hospital-wide positive climate for training transfer,grant greater professional autonomy to nursing staff and remedy workforce shortages,thereby elevating the overall training transfer performance of wound and ostomy specialty nurses and aviod wasted training resources and loss of specialized nursing talent.

    Review
    Hotspot themes and trends in publications on metaverse technologies in nursing education
    WANG Qiuyi, QIN Haonan, ZHANG Zhilin, XU Jiale, LI Yijia, PANG Yajuan, ZHOU Lanshu
    2026, 23 (9):  1128-1134.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.016
    Abstract ( 100 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1208KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To analyze the research hotspots and trends of metaverse technologies in nursing education based on Chinese and English publications. Methods Literature on the application of metaverse technologies in nursing education was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and the Web of Science Core Collection from database inception to December 2025. Bibliometric and visual analyses were performed using CiteSpace software. Results A total of 649 Chinese and 567 English articles were included,with an overall upward trend in annual publications. The related publications mainly focused on immersive training of nursing skills,communication competence development in complex scenarios,teaching evaluation and quality assurance,as well as ethics and educational equity. Keyword burst analysis showed that midwifery education,virtual-real integration,extended reality,and usability were the major hotspot themes in recent 5 years. Conclusion Publications on metaverse technologies empowering nursing education are in a stage of rapid development with diversified research hotspots. Future studies should align with nursing education objectives,deepen scenario simulation and virtual-reality integration design,construct process-oriented and outcome-based integrated evaluation systems,and strengthen cross-institutional collaboration and standardized governance.

    A scoping review of the applications of augmented reality in nursing education
    WEI Wenjing, LUO Xueli, WANG Xiaohui, CHEN Lingxin, GONG Xiaoyan, DONG Lianlian
    2026, 23 (9):  1135-1143.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.017
    Abstract ( 75 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1245KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Objective To conduct a scoping review of the application of augmented reality(AR) technology in nursing education,to summarize its core teaching elements,educational outcomes,and existing limitations. Methods A systematic search was performed in PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,CINAHL,IEEE Xplore,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and SinoMed for studies involving the application of AR technology in nursing education from the inception to June 18,2025. Supplementary literature retrieval was additionally performed on July 6,2026. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction. Results A total of 27 articles were included. Preparatory work for implementing AR-based nursing education included knowledge preparation for learners,familiarity with equipment,and teacher evaluation of instructional design. AR technology was used either independently or in combination with other teaching methods such as flipped classrooms,gamified learning,and scenario simulation training in theoretical or experimental teaching,student practical training,and continuing education for nurses. AR-based nursing education exhibited variations in duration,frequency,and participant demographics; its value in enhancing learners’ theoretical knowledge,learning confidence,and teaching satisfaction was well-established; however its effects on improving skill proficiency and self-directed learning abilities remained inconsistent in existing research. Limitations such as bulky equipment,potential discomfort,and distraction from real nursing patients somewhat constrained the application of AR technology in nursing education. Conclusion AR technology has gained extensive adoption in nursing education with preliminary verified teaching effects. Future efforts should focus on standardizing instructional design and implementation,expanding application scenarios,establishing a multimodal teaching evaluation system,strengthening industry-academia-research collaboration to develop equipment tailored to nursing education needs,and further validating and enhancing the efficacy of AR technology in nursing education.

    Overseas Perspectives
    Interpretation of NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses:Definitions and Classification(2024-2026) and its implications for nursing practice in China
    YOU Yanzhu, NIE Weilin, ZHUANG Sisi, HUANG Xiaojie, LIU Lei, ZHANG Pingping
    2026, 23 (9):  1144-1149.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.018
    Abstract ( 93 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (935KB) ( 0 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics

    This article reviews NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses:Definitions and Classification (2024-2026). It summarizes the updates in nursing diagnosis content,label standardization,diagnostic components,elimination criteria,and the eight-axis structure. It further elaborates the characteristics of the new edition in terms of health literacy,self-management,family and community health governance,risk identification,comfort care,and standardized terminology application. It also discusseses its practical implications for nursing practice,nursing education,and the development of nursing informatics in China.

    Tales of Nursing History
    Development history and enlightenment of Chinese nurse Liang Jielian’s painless injection technique
    ZHANG Daren, MA Ning
    2026, 23 (9):  1149-1153.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.09.019
    Abstract ( 145 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (979KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Injection administration is one of the most widely practiced clinical nursing techniques. Research outcomes regarding Nurse Liang Jielian’s painless injection technique were published in China from 1954 to 1957. This paper systematically reviews the evolution and core technical points of the painless injection method pioneered by Liang Jielian. By comparing the core operational essentials of the method with relevant contents in domestic and international nursing books,it verifies that its key operational points remain applicable to this day. The process through which Nurse Liang Jielian developed the painless injection method reflects innovative logic centered on patients’ needs and grounded in clinical practice. It can serve as a reference for enhancing Chinese nurses’ innovative confidence and innovation competency.