新护士转型冲击干预策略的范围综述

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.03.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的总结、分析新护士转型冲击干预策略的特征与核心内容，为护理教育及护理管理者制订干预方案提供依据。方法计算机检索中国知网、维普网、万方数据库、SinoMed数据库，以及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL数据库，检索时限为建库至2025年10月，由2名研究人员筛选文献，并以转型冲击理论模型为框架，对纳入文献的内容进行提取、整合与分析。结果共纳入14篇文献，所纳入文献采用的干预形式主要包括情境模拟、导师制、虚拟现实技术、团队辅导、同伴支持等；其干预核心内容则围绕转型冲击理论模型的知识、角色、责任与关系展开，干预周期多为6个月至1年。结局指标包括转型冲击水平、离职意愿/离职率、压力水平、岗位胜任力、职业准备度。结论现有干预策略呈现多元化和理论化特征，建议以转型冲击理论模型为框架，构建出系统的本土化干预方案。

关键词: 新护士, 转型冲击, 干预策略, 范围综述

Abstract:

Objective To summarize and analyze the characteristics and core components of intervention strategies for new nurses’ transition shock，laying a foundation for nursing education and management in developing intervention programs. Methods Computerized searches were conducted in Chinese databases including CNKI，VIP，Wanfang，and SinoMed，as well as English databases such as PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，and CINAHL. The search period spanned from the inception of each database to October 2025. Two researchers screened the literature. Content extraction，integration，and analysis were performed using the Transition Shock theoretical model as a framework. Results A total of 14 articles were included，showcasing diverse intervention forms such as scenario simulation，mentorship，virtual reality technology，team coaching，and peer support. Core intervention components focused on the four dimensions of the transition shock theoretical model：knowledge，role，responsibility，and relationships，with intervention durations typically ranging from six months to one year. Outcome measures included transition shock levels，turnover intention/rate，stress levels，job competency，and career readiness. Conclusion Existing intervention strategies exhibit diversity and theoretical grounding. It is recommended to develop systematic，localized intervention programs using the transition shock theoretical model as a framework.

Key words: New Nurses, Transition Shock, Intervention Strategies, Scoping Review

陈彤彤, 袁萍, 何满兰, 马琬玥, 张莹莹, 陈璐. 新护士转型冲击干预策略的范围综述[J]. 中华护理教育, 2026, 23(3): 371-377.

CHEN Tongtong, YUAN Ping, HE Manlan, MA Wanyue, ZHANG Yingying, CHEN Lu. Intervention strategies for transition shock among newly graduated nurses：a scoping review[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2026, 23(3): 371-377.

图/表 2

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