社区老年肌少症患者自我管理干预方案的构建及应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2025.10.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建社区老年肌少症患者自我管理干预方案，并评价其应用效果。方法结合健康赋权理论，通过文献回顾和专家会议法构建社区老年肌少症患者自我管理干预方案。选取2024年6月—9月于南京市某三级甲等医院老年科就诊的72例老年肌少症患者为研究对象，采用随机数字表法，将其随机分为对照组（n=36）和试验组（n=36）。对照组接受常规护理；基于构建的社区老年肌少症患者自我管理干预方案，结合常规护理对试验组进行干预。比较干预前后两组健康赋权及慢性病自我管理水平，干预前、干预4周、8周和12周后两组四肢骨骼肌质量指数（skeletal muscle mass index，SMI）、6 m步速、上肢握力。结果干预后，试验组健康赋权、慢性病自我管理水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。重复测量方差分析结果显示，两组干预前、干预4周、8周和12周后的SMI、6 m步速、上肢握力时间与组别的交互效应具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组干预4周、8周和12周后的SMI、上肢握力优于对照组（P<0.05），干预8周和12周后的6 m步速快于对照组（P<0.05）。结论社区老年肌少症患者自我管理干预方案的运用能够提高社区老年肌少症患者的健康赋权和慢性病自我管理水平，改善其肌少症。

关键词: 肌少症, 自我管理, 社区, 老年, 健康赋权

Abstract:

Objective To construct a self-management intervention program for elderly patients with sarcopenia in the community and evaluate its application effect. Methods Based on the Health Empowerment Theory，a self-management intervention program for elderly patients with sarcopenia in the community was constructed through literature review and expert meeting method. A total of 72 elderly patients with sarcopenia who were treated in the geriatrics department of a grade A tertiary hospital in City Nanjing from June to September 2024 were selected as the participants，and they were randomly divided into the control group（n=36） and the experimental group（n=36）. The control group received routine care，while the experimental group was intervened based on the constructed self-management intervention program for elderly patients with sarcopenia in the community. The health empowerment and chronic disease self-management level of the two groups were compared before and after intervention. The skeletal muscle mass index（SMI），6-meter walking speed and upper limb grip strength of the two groups were compared before intervention，and 4 weeks，8 weeks and 12 weeks after intervention. Results After the intervention，the health empowerment and chronic disease self-management level of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of SMI，6-meter walking speed，upper limb grip strength time and group before intervention，4 weeks，8 weeks and 12 weeks after intervention were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The SMI and upper limb grip strength of the experimental group at 4 weeks，8 weeks and 12 weeks after intervention were better than those of the control group （P<0.05），and the 6-meter walking speed at 8 weeks and 12 weeks after intervention was faster than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The application of the self-management intervention program for elderly patients with sarcopenia in the community can improve their health empowerment and chronic disease self-management level，and alleviate their sarcopenia.

Key words: Sarcopenia, Self-management, Community, Aged, Health empowerment

胡丹丹, 胡锦, 孙惠, 周武, 黄紫翎, 顾玥, 吴燕平. 社区老年肌少症患者自我管理干预方案的构建及应用研究[J]. 中华护理教育, 2025, 22(10): 1250-1257.

HU Dandan, HU Jin, SUN Hui, ZHOU Wu, HUANG Ziling, GU Yue, WU Yanping. Construction and application of a self-management intervention program for community-dwelling elderly patients with sarcopenia[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2025, 22(10): 1250-1257.

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