卒中后吞咽障碍患者照顾者培训工作坊的应用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨卒中后吞咽障碍患者照顾者培训工作坊的应用效果。方法选取2020年1月—12月在沈阳市某三级甲等医院康复中心神经康复单元住院治疗的176例卒中后吞咽障碍康复期患者的直接照顾者和患者为研究对象,按照入院时间先后顺序分为对照组（n=85）和试验组（n=91）。对照组采用口头讲解为主的健康教育,试验组采用工作坊进行培训。干预前后对两组照顾者进行吞咽障碍管理知识测评,同时评估两组患者在入院、出院后1个月、出院后3个月的吞咽功能评分。结果出院后3个月,试验组照顾者吞咽障碍管理知识得分为22.67±3.45,对照组照顾者吞咽障碍管理知识得分为18.14±2.29,两组得分比较差异有统计学意义（t=10.326,P=0.001）。应用广义估计方程分析显示,两组患者在出院后1个月、出院后3个月两个时点的吞咽功能均较入院时有所提高（P<0.05）;试验组患者出院1个月和出院3个月后的吞咽功能均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论采用工作坊对卒中后吞咽障碍患者照顾者进行培训,可提升其吞咽照护技能,进而改善患者的吞咽功能。

关键词: 卒中, 吞咽障碍, 摄食行为, 工作坊, 照顾者

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effects of a training workshop for caregivers of patients with dysphagia after stroke. Methods A total of 176 patients with deglutition disorder after stroke and their direct caregires in the neurological rehabilitation unit of a rehabilitation center in a tertiary hospital in Shenyang from January to December 2020 were selected and divided into the control group and the experimental group according to their admission date. Caregivers in the control group received regular health education while caregivers in the experimental group received training workshop on swallowing and feeding skills. Before and after the intervention,the caregivers in the two groups were assessed the knowledge of dysphagia. Besides,the swallowing function scores of patients in the two groups were assessed at admission,1 month and 3 months after discharge. Results After three months,the caregivers’ knowledge score of dysphagia management in the experimental group was 22.67±3.45,and it was 18.14±2.29 in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups（t=10.326,P=0.001）. The generalized estimating equation showed that the scores of swallowing function of patients in the two groups 1 month after discharge and 3 months after discharge were higher than those at admission（P<0.05）. The swallowing function scores of patients in the experimental group 1 month and 3 months after discharge were higher than those of patients in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Workshop training on caregivers of patients with dysphagia after stroke can improve caregivers’ swallowing and care skills,and thereby improve the swallowing function of patients.

Key words: Stroke, Deglutition Disorders, Feeding Behavior, Workshop, Caregivers

高岩,范玲,姜李,赵慧,王慧敏,高雪媚,杨柳. 卒中后吞咽障碍患者照顾者培训工作坊的应用[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(10): 920-924.

GAO Yan,FAN Ling,JIANG Li,ZHAO Hui,WANG Hui-min,GAO Xue-mei,YANG Liu. The training workshop on swallowing and ingestion skills for caregivers of patients with dysphagia after stroke[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2021, 18(10): 920-924.

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