Table of Content

15 April 2026, Volume 23 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

Humanistic Nursing Eudcation

Select

Effectiveness of a values growth series game on nursing students QIAN Wenna, LIU Siyi, SUN Huizi, ZHANG Yue, FANG Yiting, LI Jialin 2026, 23 (4):  389-396.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.001 Abstract ( 10 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1560KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a values growth series board game，developed based on the Gaming Educational Balanced Model and the nursing professional values growth theory，in enhancing professional values，self-concept clarity，and moral sensitivity among nursing students. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted. From March to June 2025，86 full-time undergraduate nursing students from a nursing school in Liaoning Province were conveniently selected and randomly assigned to either an experimental group（n=43） or a control group（n=43） using a random number table. The experimental group received a weekly series board game intervention for five weeks in addition to the conventional curriculum，while the control group was given the “Nursing Professional Values Handbook” for self-directed learning. The Nurse Professional Values Scale，Self-Concept Clarity Scale，and Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire were administered before and after the intervention to assess outcomes. Results After the intervention，the experimental group showed significantly higher total professional values scores，as well as significantly higher scores in the care provision，professionalism，and trust dimensions compared to the control group（all P<0.05）. The total moral sensitivity score and the moral responsibility and strength dimension score were also significantly improved in the experimental group（all P<0.05）. While within-group comparison revealed a statistically significant improvement in self-concept clarity in the experimental group（P<0.05），no significant difference was found between the two groups post-intervention（P>0.05）. Conclusion The values growth series board game is an effective，theoretically grounded，and engaging educational tool for enhancing nursing students’ professional values and moral sensitivity，and for promoting self-concept clarification.

Select

Design and practice of Integrating Ideological and Political Education into the Nurse Humanistic Cultivation course ZHAO Ling, ZENG Ying, LIAO Li, LIU Zheng, XIAO Qiao, SU Yinhua, FANG Xiaofen 2026, 23 (4):  397-402.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.002 Abstract ( 10 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1096KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the Integrating Ideological and Political Education into the Nurse Humanistic Cultivation course. Methods A total of 626 nursing undergraduates were enrolled，with the 2022 cohort（n=306） serving as the control group （traditional teaching） and the 2023 cohort（n=320） as the experimental group（“immersion-experience-reflection-practice” strategy）. Teaching outcomes were assessed through theoretical knowledge，practical performance，and value identity. Results The experimental group achieved significantly higher total course scores[84.0（81.0，86.0） vs. 83.0（80.0，85.5），P<0.05]，theoretical scores[85.0（82.0，86.0） vs. 83.0（80.0，86.0），P<0.05]，and practical performance scores[84.0（81.0，86.0） vs. 82.0（80.0，86.0），P<0.05] compared to the control group. The excellence-good rate of practice projects was 91.8%. Survey results showed that 90.3% of students found the integration of ideological elements was naturally integrated with professional knowledge，92.5% of students gave positive feedback on situational simulation teaching，and 89.6% of students considered project practice most helpful to their personal development. Conclusion The implementation of ideological-political education based on the “immersion-experience-reflection-practice” strategy effectively promotes the internalization and practice of humanistic qualities and value identity among nursing students，offering a referable model for ideological and political education in nursing humanities courses.

Select

Practice and exploration of integrating medical resource conservation awareness into Nursing Ethics course teaching CHEN Yiman, LIU Yue, SONG Qiong 2026, 23 (4):  403-408.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.003 Abstract ( 17 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1120KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the practices and outcomes of integrating the awareness of medical resource conservation into the teaching of Nursing Ethics course. Methods A total of 1，113 nursing students from the 2021 to 2023 academic years were selected as the research subjects. The modular teaching method was adopted to incorporate medical resource conservation awareness into the Nursing Ethics course. Teaching effectiveness was evaluated using the Resident Voluntary Carbon Reduction Behavior Scale and the Individual Pro-environmental Emotional Scale. Results The course scores of students were （79.86±5.56） points. The post-class students’ environmental emotional score[51.0（47.0，58.0）] was significantly higher than the pre-class[48.0（45.0，54.0）]，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.001）. The post-class medical resource conservation literacy score[49.0（47.0，60.0）] was also significantly higher than the pre-class[48.0（42.0，53.0）]，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.001）. The overall course satisfaction rate reached 91.2%，and most students acknowledged that the course enhanced their professional competence. Conclusion Integrating the concept of medical resource conservation into the teaching of Nursing Ethics，to a certain extent，can help cultivate nursing professionals who respect life，conserve medical resources，and implement the most optimal nursing measures.

Select

Research on the construction path of the national planning textbook Nurses’ Humanistic Cultivation CHEN Yu, LIU Haiyan, WU Jing, XIE Xian, SHI Ruifen 2026, 23 (4):  409-414.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.004 Abstract ( 12 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Based on multi-party research，oriented by professional demands，and guided by training objectives，the direction of textbook Nurses’ Humanistic Cultivation construction and the design concept of “five qualities” were determined. The textbook has constructed three major learning modules：theoretical knowledge，practical skills，and extended learning. Multiple teaching methods such as blended learning，case discussions，and experiential learning have been integrated into the writing style，achieving breakthroughs in pertinence，theory，practicality，innovation，and readability. It features four characteristics：the integration of ideological and political education throughout，practical and forward-looking content，complementary digital and print media，and both textbook and learning materials，achieving a deep integration of humanistic knowledge and nursing practice. The fourth edition of the textbook was selected as a national planning textbook during the “14th Five Year Plan” period，won the second prize in the Second National Textbook Construction Awards in 2025. A total of 200，000 copies of textbooks have been printed，covering 41 colleges and universities across 22 provinces and cities nationwide. The path of textbook construction can provide reference and inspiration for the construction and reform of nursing and related humanities textbooks.

Select

Application of the Transformative Learning Theory in humanistic care education for nursing interns SHI Yaling, SU Yanmei, HU Qin, SUN Yanfei, HE Xiaoyan, ZHANG Ying 2026, 23 (4):  415-421.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.005 Abstract ( 16 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1375KB) ( 2 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the application effect of transformative learning in humanistic care teaching for nursing interns in the Department of Geriatrics. Methods Through literature review and expert consultation，a teaching framework for humanistic care among nursing interns was designed based on transformative learning，and a corresponding teaching plan was developed. A convenience sample of 60 nursing interns entering a tertiary hospital’s Geriatric Department for internship between August 2023 and January 2024 was selected as the participants. Those who entered in even-numbered months were assigned to the control group（n=30），while those entered in odd-numbered months to the experimental group（n=30）. In terms of humanistic care teaching，the control group received conventional teaching，while the experimental group received teaching designed based on the Transformative Learning Theory. The scores of humanistic care ability，communication and interaction skills，and attitude toward the elderly were compared before and after teaching. Results After teaching，the experimental group scored higher than the control group in total scores of humanistic care ability，communication and interaction skills，and attitude toward the elderly（P<0.05）. Conclusion The application of transformative learning in humanistic care teaching of nursing interns can improve their humanistic care ability，communication and interaction skills，enhance their attitude toward the elderly，and elevate the quality of humanistic care practice teaching in geriatric nursing.

Discipline Development and Professional Construction

Select

Paradigm and practice for cultivating innovation ability in nursing students HAN Shuyu, SHANG Shaomei, WANG Yan, JIN Xiaoyan, WU Xue, YU Mingming, ZHANG Yan, WANG Cuili, ZHOU Weijiao, PANG Dong, SUN Jing, HOU Rui, DONG Xu, ZHOU Yutong, WANG Zhiwen 2026, 23 (4):  422-426.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.006 Abstract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2226KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Cultivating innovative nursing professionals is crucial for the long-term development of the discipline and serving the Healthy China strategy. Addressing the pain points in the cultivation of innovative abilities in nursing professionals，such as fragmented curriculum systems，static resource support，weak integration of research and application，and insufficient internalization of value guidance，School of Nursing，Peking University has explored a paradigm for cultivating innovative abilities based on their over ten years of teaching reform and practice. This paper proposes a key solution path：a stepped curriculum system（Comprehensive），AI-enabled adaptive teaching resource system（AI & Adaptive），a research-driven（Research-driven），multi-dimensional innovative practice platform，and ethics-embedded curriculum elements（Ethics-embedded）. It employs a three-pronged approach：“ideological and political guidance，intelligent empowerment，and a three-pronged approach of curriculum-platform-resource”，referred to as the “CARE-CPR” integrated model. This model has helped School of Nursing effectively overcome key bottlenecks in innovative nursing education，enhancing students’ innovative abilities and outputs，and provided an important practical example for the reform and innovation of advanced nursing education in China.

Experimental and Practical Teaching and Learning

Select

Application of AI-empowered scaffolding teaching in cardiopulmonary resuscitation ZHONG Zhaoyang, LIU Aimei, XUE Xiaoyan, WANG Yihui, LÜ Kunfang, WANG Ying 2026, 23 (4):  427-432.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.007 Abstract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1038KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the effectiveness of artificial intelligence（AI）-empowered scaffolding teaching in cardiopulmonary resuscitation（CPR） teaching. Methods During the second semester of the 2024—2025 academic year，16 classes were cluster-randomized from 32 parallel undergraduate nursing classes of the batch of 2022，and were randomly divided into an experimental group（8 classes，n=238） and a control group（8 classes，n=243）. The experimental group received AI-empowered scaffolding teaching，while the control group received traditional CPR teaching. After the intervention，CPR skill scores were compared between the two groups，and thematic analysis was conducted on experiential reports submitted by the experimental group regarding AI-empowered scaffolding teaching. Results The CPR skill scores（total and sub-dimensional scores） of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group（P<0.001）. Four themes were identified from the qualitative reports：stimulating learning interest and facilitating personalized development；strengthening emergency concepts and professional identity；promoting the integration of technical and humanistic competencies；and achieving multidimensional empowerment for comprehensive quality enhancement. Conclusion AI-empowered CPR scaffolding teaching can effectively improve nursing students’ skill proficiency and promote their comprehensive competencies development，demonstrating good application value and acceptability.

Select

Analysis of the change trajectory of transition shock in undergraduate nursing interns based on the latent growth model LIU Ningjing, XU Yahong, YAN Yuran 2026, 23 (4):  433-438.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.008 Abstract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (898KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the change trajectory of transition shock among undergraduate nursing interns and the influence of self-regulated learning ability in clinical practice. Methods Undergraduate nursing students undergoing their first clinical internship were recruited from August 2024 to March 2025. Data were collected at three time points（early stage，mid stage，and late stage of internship） with three-month intervals using the General Information Questionnaire，Chinese version of the Transition Shock Evaluation Scale for Nursing Undergraduate Interns，Chinese version of the Self-Regulated Learning Scale in Clinical Nursing Practice，and Proactive Personality Scale. Latent growth model was employed for data analysis. Results Transition shock of undergraduate nursing interns demonstrated a significant linear upward trajectory across the three measurements time points（intercept=44.726，P<0.001；slope=0.762，P<0.001）. After controlling for proactive personality，the inclusion of self-regulated learning ability in clinical nursing practice as a time-varying covariate revealed its consistent negative predictive effects on transition shock across all three internship phases（P<0.001）. Conclusion Transition shock progressively intensifies during clinical internships，while self-regulated learning ability in clinical practice serves as an inhibiting factor in this developmental process. Nursing educators should implement multifaceted strategies to enhance undergraduates’ self-regulated learning ability in clinical settings，thereby mitigating transition shock and optimizing clinical performance.

Select

Design of an arteriovenous puncture training model and its application in nursing clinical teaching WANG Mei, DUAN Siyu, ZHANG Yanrong, HOU Ming, ZHANG Xiumin 2026, 23 (4):  439-442.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.009 Abstract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1061KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To investigate the application effect of the arteriovenous puncture training model in clinical nursing teaching. Methods Using convenience sampling method，nursing interns from a tertiary-level class A general hospital in Urumqi were selected as the research subjects. Those who started their internship in July 2024 were assigned to the control group（n=53），while those who started in July 2025 were assigned to the experimental group（n=59）. The experimental group received training on the model of arterial and venous puncture based on the control group. After four weeks of internship，the first-attempt success rates of venous and arterial puncture were compared between the two groups. Results The first-attempt success rates of venous and arterial puncture in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Supplementary training with arterial-venous puncture training models can enhance the success rate of venous and arterial punctures among nursing interns.

Ideological and Political Education and Quality Education

Select

Integrating high-consciousness generative learning into ideological and political education of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing：an innovative practice WANG Jiayu, QIN Yuanmei, DU Yifei, ZHANG Qiong, HE Qingsen, YANG Wenwen 2026, 23 (4):  443-450.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.010 Abstract ( 13 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1320KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the application path and effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content （AIGC）-empowered high-consciousness generative learning within the ideological and political teaching of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） Nursing. Methods An ideological and political teaching model of TCM Nursing integrated with high-consciousness generative learning was constructed. This involved defining ideological and political objectives，designing the integration scheme of professional course and ideological and political teaching，clarifying the implementation process，and establishing relevant resource databases. A total of 131 undergraduate nursing students from the 2022 cohort of a TCM university were selected as research subjects. Based on AIGC，a three-stage progressive ideological and political teaching was carried out，including “intelligent questioning-evidence-based critical thinking-personalized learning”. Teaching effectiveness was evaluated based on course scores，student feedbacks，and peer reviews. Results The average course score of students was（81.76±6.08）. More than 81.0% of students recognized the role of ideological and political teaching on three dimensions：cognition of TCM thinking，innovation and transfer ability，and professional value identification. Thirteen peers rated the design and implementation of ideological and political teaching as “satisfactory” or “very satisfactory”. Conclusion The integration of high-consciousness generative learning into the ideological and political teaching of TCM Nursing effectively guides students to cultivate scientific spirit and critical thinking through speculative inquiry，experience professional value in practical creation，and establish confidence in cultural inheritance. This teaching model has gained recognition from both students and peers.

Select

Research on the design and implementation of a hybrid teaching mode of ideological and political education in Fundamental Nursing course based on knowledge graph LI Hui, LI Bo 2026, 23 (4):  451-456.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.011 Abstract ( 5 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (980KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the design and implementation effect of the virtual-real blended teaching mode based on knowledge graph in ideological and political education teaching of the basic nursing course. Methods Based on the knowledge graph，we implemented the virtual-real hybrid teaching mode to construct the ideological and political teaching path of pre-class enlightenment，in-class progressive deepening（induction-resonance-internalization-motivation） and post-class sublimation. We used 118 nursing students as teaching subjects and 114 students from the same institution as historical controls，and we evaluated the effectiveness of ideological and political education from three dimensions：course evaluation，humanistic care，and satisfaction with the reform initiative. Results The 2023 cohort showed higher theoretical assessment scores （75.70±8.76），humanistic care competence （137.65±20.31） compared to their 2022 cohort（P<0.05）. A total of 87.3%，86.4%，and 85.6% of students reported significant improvements in learning interest，comprehensive ability，and professional competence，respectively. Interviews with the students identified three key themes：enhanced communication and collaboration skills，strengthened professional awareness，and improved professional competence. Conclusion The virtual-real blended teaching mode integrating online and offline based on a knowledge graph can improve the accuracy and effectiveness of implementation of course teaching and ideological and political education integration.

Select

Current situation of artificial intelligence readiness among undergraduate nursing students LIU Xinxin, YOU Shuping, ZHAO Xuerong, QIN Qindan, CHEN Fenghui, YAN Ping 2026, 23 (4):  457-463.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.012 Abstract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1003KB) ( 1 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To analyze the current status of artificial intelligence（AI） readiness among undergraduate nursing students，aiming to provide references for actively addressing the requirements of nursing talent cultivation in the AI era. Methods Using convenience sampling，490 undergraduate nursing students from four universities in Xinjiang were selected as participants. A general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Medical Students AI Readiness Scale were used for the survey. Results The total AI readiness score of the nursing undergraduates was 72.00（66.00，84.00）. There were statistically significant differences in the total score of AI readiness and the scores of all dimensions except the vision dimension between nursing students of different genders（P<0.05）. Statistically significant differences were found in the total score of AI readiness and the scores of cognition and ability dimensions among students of different ages and grades（P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the total score of AI readiness and the scores of all dimensions among students with different self-rated academic performance levels（P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of vision and ethics dimensions among students with different application status of large language models（P<0.05）. Statistically significant differences were observed in the cognition dimension score among students with different learning status of AI-related courses（P<0.05）. Conclusion The AI readiness of undergraduate nursing students is at a moderate level. Educators need to further optimize the content of AI general education courses by integrating AI technologies into the entire teaching process，with a focus on enhancing students’（particularly female students，lower-grade students，those with previously lower academic performance，and those with infrequent use of large language models） cognitive understanding，application skills，and ethical judgment regarding AI technologies，thereby systematically improving their AI readiness.

Select

Conceptual analysis of clinical reasoning ability in nursing students BU Yemeng, SHI Tieying, GUO Yufei, CHENG Huiyan, YU Jiamiao, CAI Yingjie 2026, 23 (4):  464-470.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.013 Abstract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1029KB) ( 0 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To clarify the definition and connotation of the concept of clinical reasoning ability in nursing students. Methods Related literature on clinical reasoning ability in nursing students was systematically retrieved from CNKI，Wanfang，VIP，SinoMed，PubMed，Cochrane Library，ClNAHL，and Embase. The conceptual analysis method proposed by Walker and Avant was used to analyze the concept of clinical reasoning ability in nursing students. Results The definition of clinical reasoning ability in nursing students included application of theoretical knowledge，extraction of key information，clinical problem identification，continuous reasoning hypothesis，and self-assessment reflection. The leading factors were knowledge base，practical experience，emotional and attitudinal factors，and teaching factors. The outcomes were scientific basis of nursing decisions，nursing quality and satisfaction，team collaboration and quality safety，learning ability and self-confidence，and nursing professional development. The com-mon measurement tools included the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning and Script Concordance Test. Conclusion This study clarified the conceptual attributes of clinical reasoning ability in nursing students through conceptual analysis，providing a reference for improving clinical reasoning ability in nursing students and promoting in-depth development of related research.

Career Growth and Development

Select

A qualitative study on growth experience of teachers in guiding students for the World Vocational College Skills Competition LI Guangqin, GONG Yuanyuan, XIANG Hua, DENG Wenwen, LI Yuanyuan, PI Zhendong 2026, 23 (4):  471-476.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.014 Abstract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the growth experience of vocational nursing teachers in guiding students for the World Skills Competition，and to provide references for enhancing teachers’ competition guidance capabilities and improving the support system. Methods Using purposive sampling，12 vocational nursing teachers who instructed students in the World Skills Competition in August 2025 were selected for semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method. Results Four main themes were extracted：cognitive conflict（imbalance and challenges under the new competition system），meaning construction （reconstructing preparation logic through exploration），social negotiation（constructing new knowledge through interactive collaboration），and identity reconstruction（self-transformation in professional practice）. Conclusion Vocational nursing teachers faced multiple challenges，including knowledge system reconstruction and role transformation under the new competition system. It is necessary to develop systematic support strategies at both the individual professional development and institutional levels to promote the sustainable development of teachers’ competition guidance capabilities.

Select

Application of mixed reality combined with 3D printing in the clinical practice training for intravenous therapy specialty nurses WANG Longjun, WANG Dan, LIU Huilong, CUI Yining, FANG Yanyan 2026, 23 (4):  477-482.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.015 Abstract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (991KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the application effect of mixed reality combined with 3D printing in clinical practice training for intravenous therapy specialty nurses，and to provide new ideas and methods for peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC） catheterization training. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to recruit nurses participating in intravenous therapy specialty clinical practice training in a tertiary hospital in Henan Province from 2023 to 2024 as the study participants. Those trained in 2023（n=20） were assigned to the control group，while those trained in 2024（n=22） were included in the experimental group. Traditional training was provided to the control group，while the experimental group received training utilizing mixed reality combined with 3D printing technology for PICC catheterization. The two groups were compared in terms of PICC catheterization operation assessment scores，first catheter insertion success rates，number of X-ray chest radiographs with correct PICC catheter tip positioning interpretation，and general self-efficacy levels. Results The experimental group outperformed the control group in PICC catheterization operation assessment scores，first catheter insertion success rates，the number of X-ray chest radiographs with correct PICC catheter tip positioning interpretation，and general self-efficacy levels （all P<0.05）. Conclusion The application of mixed reality combined with 3D printing in clinical practice training for intravenous therapy specialty nurses can effectively enhance PICC catheterization skill proficiency，and boost confidence in clinical practice. It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Select

Construction and application of a training program for nurses addressing ethical dilemmas in emergent major infectious disease events XIN Xing, LU Gendi, ZHU Xiangwei, YE Chenxin, LI Suwen 2026, 23 (4):  483-489.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.016 Abstract ( 4 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1108KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To develop a training program for nurses to address ethical dilemmas during emergent major infectious disease（EMID） events and to explore its feasibility and effectiveness in application. Methods The training program was developed through qualitative interviews，collection of narrative materials，literature review，and Delphi method. From September to October 2024，55 nurses were recruited via convenience sampling from a tertiary Grade-A hospital in Shanghai to participate in the training. Training effectiveness was evaluated using the Nurse Ethical Dilemma Scale in EMID events，the Judgments About Nursing Decision，the Coping Style Questionnaire，and a satisfaction survey. Results Compared with the pre-training baseline，scores on the Ethical Dilemma Scale were significantly lower immediately after training and at the one-month follow-up（all P<0.05）. Conversely，total scores for nursing ethical decision-making ability and the positive coping dimension of the Coping Style Questionnaire significantly increased（all P<0.05）. The training satisfaction survey showed that satisfaction rates for all 10 indicators exceeded 92%，with a mean participant satisfaction score of 92.00±6.50. Conclusion The training program demonstrated good feasibility and high acceptability. Implementation of this program effectively enhanced nurses’ ethical decision-making abilities and promoted positive coping strategies in EMID events.

Health Education and Health Promotion

Select

Application of peer education combined with scenario-based intervention in improving self-care behaviors for arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients WU Haifang, QIAN Chunyan, SHEN Bo, ZHAO Ying 2026, 23 (4):  490-497.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.017 Abstract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1238KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the effects of peer education combined with experiential scenario-based intervention in improving the self-care behavior for arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients. Methods A total of 120 patients undergoing hemodialysis via arteriovenous fistula at the hospital from April to June 2025 were selected as the participants and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group（60 cases each）. The experimental group received peer education combined with experiential scenario-based intervention in addition to the routine care，while the control group received routine health education. The scores of the Hemodialysis Patient Knowledge Questionnaire（HPKQ），Self-rating Depression Scale（SDS），Self-rating Anxiety Scale（SAS），Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale（CD-RISC），and Assessment of Self-care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis（ASBHD-AVF） were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results After the intervention，the experimental group showed superior performance in all dimensions of the HPKQ，total scores of the SDS，SAS，and CD-RISC，as well as the total scores and dimensional scores of the ASBHD-AVF compared to the control group（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Peer education combined with experiential scenario-based intervention demonstrates favorable effects in enhancing the mastery of self-care knowledge，improving psychological conditions，and promoting the development of arteriovenous fistula self-care behaviors among hemodialysis patients，making it worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Select

Mediating effect of self-compassion between perceived social support and body image in postoperative patients with head and neck cancer SHAO Yanhong, YIN Huifang, REN Haiyan, FANG Shuiping, XU Jingsi, GAO Diya, SHI Jiaqing, ZHU Xiaoya, HUANG Lihua 2026, 23 (4):  498-504.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.018 Abstract ( 5 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1099KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To explore the mediating effect of self-compassion between perceived social support and body image in postoperative patients with head and neck cancer. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to August 2024. A total of 610 postoperative patients with head and neck cancer who were hospitalized or attended follow-up outpatient visits in a tertiary Grade A hospital in Zhejiang Province were continuously selected as the research subjects. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire，Perceived Social Support Scale，Self-Compassion Scale，and Body Image Scale. Results A total of 577 valid questionnaires were collected，of which 221 patients（38.30%） exhibited body image disturbance. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that perceived social support not only directly predicted body image（direct effect was -0.135，P<0.05），but also indirectly influenced body image through self-compassion（indirect effect was -0.513，P<0.001）. The indirect effect accounted for 79.17% of the total effect. Conclusion Self-compassion plays a partial mediating role between perceived social support and body image in postoperative patients with head and neck cancer. In clinical nursing，enhancing patients’ perceived social support and focusing on cultivating their self-compassion ability may help improve their body image.

Professional Practice

Select

Development and evaluation of a management content for orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease MA Yaying, CHEN Jinhua, WU Xiaofei, LI Jing, ZHENG Zhiyan, KONG Xue 2026, 23 (4):  505-512.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.04.019 Abstract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 0 )   Save Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Objective To construct a management protocol for orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson’s disease（hereinafter referred to as the content） and evaluate its clinical application effect. Methods The initial draft of the protocol was formulated through literature research and expert consultations. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted among 15 purposively selected experts to finalize the content. By convenience sampling，110 patients with Parkinson’s disease admitted to the Department of Neurology of a Grade A tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province from January to December 2023 were enrolled as the control group，and 110 patients with Parkinson’s disease admitted to the same department from January to December 2024 were enrolled as the experimental group. The control group received routine nursing care，while the experimental group received interventions based on the protocol. The two groups were compared in terms of the rapid screening rates of orthostatic hypotension，the severity of orthostatic symptoms，the difference in morning supine-standing blood pressure，and the quality of life scores of patients with orthostatic hypotension in both groups after 4 weeks of intervention. Results The nurses’ rapid screening rate of orthostatic hypotension by nurses in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group（P<0.001）. After 4 weeks of intervention，the scores of the six major orthostatic symptoms，the differences in morning supine-standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure，and the quality of life scores of patients with orthostatic hypotension in the experimental group were all significantly better than those in the control group（all P<0.001）. Conclusion The protocol is scientific and reliable. Its application can improve the standardized management level of orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson’s disease，alleviate the severity of patients’ orthostatic symptoms，reduce the morning supine-standing blood pressure difference，and improve patients’ quality of life.