ISSN 2097-6054（网络） ISSN 1672-9234（印刷） CN 11-5289/R
主管：中国科学技术协会　主办：中华护理学会
出版：中华护理杂志社
收录：中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）来源期刊
　　　中国期刊全文数据库
　　　中国核心期刊（遴选）数据库
　　　Scopus
中华护理教育

中华护理教育 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 542-546.doi: 10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2026.05.005

• 学科发展与专业建设 • 上一篇    下一篇

就业意向视角下上海市高职护理专业毕业生就业挑战分析与教育启示

何书芬(), 朱雯晴, 邵圆萍, 赵雪萍*()   

  1. 上海市卫生人才交流服务中心人才研究部 上海市 200001
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-08 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通讯作者: 赵雪萍,E-mail:zhaoxueping@shwshr.cn
  • 作者简介:何书芬:女,硕士,助理研究员,E-mail:heshufen@shwshr.cn
    第一联系人：

    论文构思、讨论为何书芬、赵雪萍、朱雯晴,数据收集与处理为邵圆萍,专家咨询协调为赵雪萍,论文撰写为何书芬,论文修改和审校为赵雪萍、朱雯晴。

Analysis of job-seeking challenges and educational implications for vocational nursing graduates in Shanghai from the perspective of employment intention

HE Shufen(), ZHU Wenqing, SHAO Yuanping, ZHAO Xueping*()   

  1. Talent Research Department, Shanghai Health Talent Exchange Service Center, Shanghai 200001, China
  • Received:2025-08-08 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-14
  • Contact: ZHAO Xueping,E-mail:zhaoxueping@shwshr.cn

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摘要：

目的 立足就业意向视角探究上海市高职护理毕业生的就业挑战,为优化高职护理教育提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样法,于2023年12月选取上海市10所公办或民办院校全日制高职护理专业1 081名2024届毕业生作为调查对象,采用自制调查表对其就业意向等进行调查,并于2025年4月对该队列进行标准化就业追踪随访。结果 1 081名毕业生中,从事护理工作的意愿方面,766名(70.86%)为愿意,247名(22.85%)为一般,68名(6.29%)为不愿意;817名(75.58%)求职首选三级医院;907名(83.90%)首选上海就业。373份有效回访数据显示,愿意从事护理工作者、从事护理工作的意愿为一般者与不愿意从事护理工作者就业率分别为72.28%(193/267)、72.29%(60/83)与52.17%(12/23),三组中从事非护理工作者占比依次为8.29%(16/193)、10.00%(6/60)与41.67%(5/12);被动升学者占升学者的69.84%(44/63);待业毕业生中,40.91%(18/44)在等待公务员或事业单位招录机会。结论 高职护理毕业生存在专业认同分化、就业偏好单一与择业观念制度性缓冲等问题,导致就业错位与路径拥堵。建议在护理教育中强化专业认同教育、构建柔性分流机制,拓宽求职视野、构建体验式就业引导机制,并在毕业阶段精准施策与实施家校联动,以提升学生职业定位的清晰度与就业选择的理性程度。

关键词: 职业教育, 教育,护理, 就业意向, 就业挑战, 产教融合, 职业引导

Abstract:

Objective To explore the employment challenges of higher vocational nursing graduates in Shanghai from the perspective of employment intention,so as to provide references for optimizing higher vocational nursing education. Methods A convenient sampling method was adopted. In December 2023,1 081 graduating students of the 2024 cohort majoring in full-time higher vocational nursing from 10 public and private colleges in Shanghai were selected as study participants. A self-developed questionnaire was used for the survey,and standardized telephone follow-up was conducted in April 2025. Results Among the 1 081 quasi-graduates,766(70.86%) were willing to engage in nursing work,247(22.85%) had moderate willingness,and 68(6.29%) were unwilling to work in nursing;817(75.58%) preferred tertiary hospitals as their first job choice,and 907(83.90%) preferred to work in Shanghai. Among the 373 valid follow-up data,the employment rates of graduates with high,moderate and low willingness to work in nursing were 72.28%(193/267),72.29%(60/83) and 52.17%(12/23),respectively. The proportions of those engaged in non-nursing work in the three groups were 8.29%(16/193),10.00%(6/60) and 41.67%(5/12),respectively. Passive further education accounted for 69.84%(44/63) of all graduates pursuing further education. Among unemployed graduates,40.91%(18/44) were waiting for recruitment opportunities in civil service or public institutions. Conclusion Higher vocational nursing graduates are faced with problems such as differentiated professional identity,singular employment preference,and institutional-oriented inertia in career decision-making,which lead to employment mismatch and career development bottlenecks. It is suggested to strengthen professional identity education in nursing education,establish a flexible diversion mechanism,broaden students’ employment horizons,construct an experiential employment guidance mechanism,and implement targeted measures and home-school collaboration at the graduation stage,so as to improve students’ clarity of career positioning and rationality in employment decision-making.

Key words: Vocational Education, Education,Nursing, Employment Intention, Employment Challenges, Integration of Industry and Education, Career Guidance