学校归属感在护理本科生领悟社会支持与心理弹性间的中介作用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨护理本科生学校归属感在领悟社会支持与心理弹性间的中介作用。方法于2021年9月—10月，采用一般资料调查表、领悟社会支持量表、大学生学校归属感问卷和心理韧性量表对790名护理本科生进行调查。结果共回收有效问卷713份。713名护理本科生领悟社会支持量表、大学生学校归属感问卷、心理韧性量表条目均分依次为（5.31±1.22）分、（3.83±0.93）分、（3.57±0.87）分。护理本科生领悟社会支持、学校归属感和心理弹性总分及各维度得分两两间呈正相关（P<0.05）。学校归属感在护理本科生领悟社会支持与心理弹性间起部分中介作用（中介效应值为0.284），中介效应占总效应的41.34%。结论领悟社会支持不仅能对护理本科生心理弹性产生直接影响，还能通过学校归属感对其心理弹性产生间接影响。护理教育者可从领悟社会支持和学校归属感方面入手，助力护理本科生增强心理弹性，进而使其能够更好地应对学习、生活中的压力和挑战。

关键词: 护理学, 本科生, 领悟社会支持, 学校归属感, 心理弹性

Abstract:

Objective To explore the mediating effect of school belonging between perceived social support and mental resilience in nursing undergraduates. Methods A total of 790 nursing students were recruited and investigated with the General Information Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS), the Undergraduates’ University Belonging Questionnaire(UUB) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) in September 2021 to October 2021. Results A total of 713 valid questionnaires were collected. The item mean scores of the PSSS, the UUB, and the CD-RISC were(5.31±1.22), (3.83±0.93), and(3.57±0.87), respectively. There was a positive correlation between the total score and each dimension score of social support, school belonging, and resilience in nursing undergraduates(P<0.05). The mediating effect of school belonging between perceived social support and mental resilience was 0.284, accounting for 41.34% of the total effect. Conclusion The results showed that school belonging partially played a mediating effect between perceived social support and mental resilience in nursing students. Nursing educators can provide intervention in social support and school belonging to promote mental resilience of nursing students, which benefits them to coping with pressure and challenges.

Key words: Nursing, Undergraduate students, Perceived social support, School belonging, Mental resilience

刘媛媛, 扶长青. 学校归属感在护理本科生领悟社会支持与心理弹性间的中介作用[J]. 中华护理教育, 2024, 21(1): 47-52.

LIU Yuanyuan, FU Changqing. The mediating effect of school belonging between perceived social support and mental resilience in nursing undergraduates[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2024, 21(1): 47-52.

图/表 4

参考文献 36

[1]	马钰莹, 叶子文, 汪若, 等. 本科、专科护理专业学生在临床实习前亚健康状态比较及影响因素分析[J]. 循证护理, 2019, 5(5):456-459.
	Ma YY, Ye ZW, Wang R, et al. Comparison of influencing factors and sub-health status between undergraduate and college nursing students before clinical practice[J]. Chin Evid Based Nurs, 2019, 5(5):456-459.
[2]	席居哲, 桑标, 左志宏. 心理弹性(Resilience)研究的回顾与展望[J]. 心理科学, 2008, 31(4):995-998,977.
	Xi JZ, Sang B, Zuo ZH. The research on resilience:its evolution and direction[J]. Psychol Sci, 2008, 31(4):995-998,977.
[3]	Bozdağ F, Ergün N. Psychological resilience of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Psychol Rep, 2021, 124(6):2567-2586. doi: 10.1177/0033294120965477 pmid: 33050800
[4]	Navrady LB, Adams MJ, Chan SWY, et al. Genetic risk of major depressive disorder:the moderating and mediating effects of neuroticism and psychological resilience on clinical and self-reported depression[J]. Psychol Med, 2018, 48(11):1890-1899. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717003415 pmid: 29183409
[5]	Zou GY, Shen XY, Tian XH, et al. Correlates of psychological distress,burnout,and resilience among Chinese female nurses[J]. Ind Health, 2016, 54(5):389-395. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2015-0103
[6]	时宏, 张秀敏, 赵晗方, 等. 医学研究生压力、心理弹性与学业倦怠的关系研究[J]. 中国高等医学教育, 2021(11):146-147,F0003.
	Shi H, Zhang XM, Zhao HF, et al. Correlation of stress and psychological resilience with academic burnout among medical postgraduates[J]. China High Med Educ, 2021(11):146-147,F0003.
[7]	Yörük S, Güler D. The relationship between psychological resilience,burnout,stress,and sociodemographic factors with depression in nurses and midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic:a cross-sectional study in Turkey[J]. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 2021, 57(1):390-398. doi: 10.1111/ppc.v57.1
[8]	Dahlem NW, Zimet GD, Walker RR. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support:a confirmation study[J]. J Clin Psychol, 1991, 47(6):756-761. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<756::aid-jclp2270470605>3.0.co;2-l pmid: 1757578
[9]	张玲玲, 徐晶, 朱安宏, 等. 领悟社会支持对大学生应对方式的影响:生命意义感和心理韧性的链式中介作用[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2021, 29(5):758-761.
	Zhang LL, Xu J, Zhu AH, et al. Influence of perceived social support on college students’ coping style:chain mediating effect of meaning in life and psychological resilience[J]. China J Health Psychol, 2021, 29(5):758-761.
[10]	潘云波. 中职护生领悟社会支持、一般自我效能感与心理韧性的关系[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2018, 26(12):1871-1876.
	Pan YB. The relationship between perceived social support,self-efficacy and resilience in secondary vocational nursing students[J]. China J Health Psychol, 2018, 26(12):1871-1876.
[11]	程玮, 关颖榆, 罗瑜. 初中生校园欺凌和校园归属感、安全感状况调查[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2020, 36(6):889-894.
	Cheng W, Guan YY, Luo Y. Campus bullying and sense of belonging to school and campus security among junior high school students:a cross-sectional survey[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2020, 36(6):889-894.
[12]	Using the Reilience & Youth Dvelopemnt Module[EB/OL]. (2003-09-10)[2023-11-01]. https://data.calschls.org/resources/rydm_presentation.pdf.
[13]	Hanson TL, Kim JO. Measuring resilience and youth development:the psychometric properties of the healthy kids survey. Issues & answers. REL 2007-No. 34[EB/OL]. [2023-11-01].https://data.calschls.org/resources/REL_RYDM2007034.pdf.
[14]	李海垒, 张文新. 心理韧性研究综述[J]. 山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2006, 51(3):149-152.
	Li HL, Zhang WX. Review of the studies on psychological resilience[J]. J Shandong Teach Univ Humanit Soc Sci, 2006, 51(3):149-152.
[15]	刘丹, 石国兴, 郑新红. 论积极心理学视野下的心理韧性[J]. 心理学探新, 2010, 30(4):12-17.
	Liu D, Shi GX, Zheng XH. Resilience in the field of positive psychology vision[J]. Psychol Explor, 2010, 30(4):12-17.
[16]	张晓州, 彭婷, 罗杰, 等. 农村初中生感恩对学校归属感的影响:领悟社会支持和自尊的链式中介作用[J]. 中国特殊教育, 2020(5):76-83.
	Zhang XZ, Peng T, Luo J, et al. The impact of gratitude on school belonging in rural middle school students:the chain mediating effect of perceived social support and self-esteem[J]. Chin J Special Educ, 2020(5):76-83.
[17]	Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, et al. Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support[J]. J Pers Assess, 1990, 55(3/4):610-617. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5503&4_17
[18]	姜乾金. 领悟社会支持量表[J]. 中国行为医学科学, 2001, 10(10):41-43.
[19]	赵金霞, 李振. 亲子依恋与农村留守青少年焦虑的关系:教师支持的保护作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2017, 33(3):361-367.
	Zhao JX, Li Z. The relationships between parent-child attachment and adolescent anxiety:the protective role of teacher’s support[J]. Psychol Dev Educ, 2017, 33(3):361-367.
[20]	杜好强. 大学生学校归属感及其影响因素研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2010.
	Du HQ. A study on college students’ school sense of belonging and its influencing factors[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2010.
[21]	Connor KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new resilience scale:the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)[J]. Depress Anxiety, 2003, 18(2):76-82. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6394
[22]	于肖楠, 张建新. 自我韧性量表与Connor-Davidson韧性量表的应用比较[J]. 心理科学, 2007, 30(5):1169-1171.
	Yu XN, Zhang JX. A comparison between the Chinese version of Ego-resiliency Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale[J]. J Psychol Sci, 2007, 30(5):1169-1171.
[23]	王朦朦. 父母教养方式对攻击倾向的影响:心理韧性的中介作用[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2019.
	Wang MM. The influence of parenting style on aggressive tendency—the mediating role of psychological resilience[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2019.
[24]	刘敦, 姜小鹰, 宋继红, 等. 自主学习能力在护理本科生评判性思维与心理弹性间的中介效应[J]. 中华护理教育, 2021, 18(6):525-529.
	Liu D, Jiang XY, Song JH, et al. The mediating effect of self-regulated learning ability between critical thinking and resilience of nursing undergraduates[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2021, 18(6):525-529.
[25]	丁翠路, 刘安诺, 朱桂月, 等. 自我价值感在本科护生领悟社会支持与生命意义感间的中介效应[J]. 护理学报, 2021, 28(6):38-42.
	Ding CL, Liu AN, Zhu GY, et al. Mediating effect of self-worth on perceived social support and meaning in life among nursing undergraduates[J]. J Nurs(China), 2021, 28(6):38-42.
[26]	马文燕, 高朋, 黄大炜, 等. 留守青少年疏离感对心理韧性的影响:领悟社会支持和自尊的链式中介作用[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2022, 30(1):148-152.
	Ma WY, Gao P, Huang DW, et al. Influence of alienation on resilience of left behind adolescents:the chain mediating effect of perceived social support and self-esteem[J]. China J Health Psychol, 2022, 30(1):148-152.
[27]	Albloushi M, Ferguson L, Stamler L, et al. Saudi female nursing students experiences of sense of belonging in the clinical settings:a qualitative study[J]. Nurse Educ Pract, 2019, 35:69-74. doi: S1471-5953(17)30726-6 pmid: 30710865
[28]	哈战荣, 陈雅丽, 王哲. 当前高校学生学校归属感现状调查及提升途径探究[J]. 思想理论教育导刊, 2019(5):142-147.
	Ha ZR, Chen YL, Wang Z. Investigation on the current situation of college students’ sense of belonging to school and exploration on the ways to improve it[J]. Lead J Ideol Theor Educ, 2019(5):142-147.
[29]	兀巍. 专科医学生学校归属感在领悟社会支持对情绪影响中的中介效应[J]. 心理月刊, 2022, 17(24):53-55. doi: 10.19738/j.cnki.psy.2022.24.015
[30]	刘亚楠, 张舒, 刘璐怡, 等. 感恩与生命意义:领悟到的社会支持与归属感的多重中介模型[J]. 中国特殊教育, 2016(4):79-83,96.
	Liu YN, Zhang S, Liu LY, et al. Gratitude and the meaning of life—the multiple mediating modes of perceived social support and sense of belonging[J]. Chin J Special Educ, 2016(4):79-83,96.
[31]	罗雪峰, 沐守宽. 高中生感恩对心理幸福感的影响:领悟社会支持和基本心理需要的链式中介作用[J]. 心理科学, 2017, 40(4):878-884.
	Luo XF, Mu SK. The relationship between high school students’ gratitude and psychological well-being:a chain mediating effect of perceived social support and basic psychological needs[J]. J Psychol Sci, 2017, 40(4):878-884.
[32]	刘凤, 桂桃花, 郑凯丰, 等. 护理实习生临床归属感在学业支持感知和压力间的中介效应[J]. 中华护理教育, 2022, 19(7):631-635.
	Liu F, Gui TH, Zheng KF, et al. The mediating effect of clinical sense of belonging between perception of academic support and stress in nursing interns[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2022, 19(7):631-635.
[33]	吴春琼. 教师支持方式对15岁学生积极情绪的影响:学校归属感的中介作用[J]. 上海教育科研, 2020(7):28-33,92.
	Wu CQ. The influence of teachers’ support style on the positive emotion of 15-year-old students—the mediating role of school belonging[J]. J Shanghai Educ Res, 2020(7):28-33,92.
[34]	赵慧先, 李佩佩, 刘丽琼. 心理健康课程教学对大学新生学校适应性、心理弹性及心理健康的影响[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2023, 31(8):1243-1248.
	Zhao HX, Li PP, Liu LQ. Influence of mental health course teaching on college freshmen’ adaptability,mental resilience and mental health[J]. China J Health Psychol, 2023, 31(8):1243-1248.
[35]	阮小丽, 叶增杰, 程梦慧, 等. 心理弹性在中医院校护生自我效能感、心理一致感间的中介效应[J]. 解放军护理杂志, 2018, 35(11):13-17.
	Ruan XL, Ye ZJ, Cheng MH, et al. Mediating role of psychological resilience in relationship between self-efficacy and sense of Co-herence among nursing students in TCM colleges[J]. Nurs J Chin PLA, 2018, 35(11):13-17.
[36]	高园园, 李海洋, 宋言静. 医学生学习倦怠与心理弹性的关系:积极情绪的中介作用[J]. 医学教育研究与实践, 2018(2):288-291.
	Gao YY, Li HY, Song YJ. Relationship between resilience and learning burnout in medical college students:a mediating role of positive emotion[J]. Med Educ Res Pract, 2018(2):288-291.