数智时代自适应学习视角下护理教育的研究进展

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2025.11.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

推进教育数智化发展逐渐上升为中国教育发展战略，护理教育正呈现数智化导向。自适应学习作为教育数字化转型的核心驱动力，是教育数智化进程中的变革性实践范式之一。该文立足于自适应学习视角，介绍自适应学习的概念及技术发展历程；依据现代教育评价理论“教—学—评”一体化模型框架，从教育理念、学习方式和教育评价3个维度阐述自适应学习赋能护理教育范式转型的应用表现；聚焦技术融合视角，如多模态技术、人工智能体、扩展现实沉浸式技术等探讨自适应技术融合在未来护理教育的应用场景，以期为数智时代开展自适应护理教育相关研究提供借鉴和参考。

关键词: 教育，护理, 信息技术, 自适应学习, 综述

Abstract:

Promoting the digital and intelligent transformation of education has progressively become a national educational development strategy in China，with nursing education increasingly adopting a digital and intelligent orientation. As a core driver of the digital transformation in education，adaptive learning represents one of the most transformative practical paradigms in the process of educational digitalization. This study，grounded in the perspective of adaptive learning，first introduces the conceptual framework and technological evolution of adaptive learning. Subsequently，drawing upon the integrated “teaching-learning-assessment” model from modern educational evaluation theory，this study elaborates on how adaptive learning empowers the paradigm shift in nursing education across three dimensions：educational philosophy，learning methods，and educational evaluation. Finally，focusing on technological integration—including multimodal technologies，AI agents，and extended reality（XR） immersive techno-logies—the study discusses the application scenarios of adaptive technology integration in future nursing education from multiple perspectives and through in-depth analysis. This research aims to offer insights and references for future studies on adaptive learning in nursing education in the digital and intelligent era.

Key words: Education，Nursing, Information Technology, Adaptive Learning, Review

潘姝丞, 尚少梅, 金晓燕, 江哲涵, 奉世聪, 罗维, 黄俊楠. 数智时代自适应学习视角下护理教育的研究进展[J]. 中华护理教育, 2025, 22(11): 1404-1408.

PAN Shucheng, SHANG Shaomei, JIN Xiaoyan, JIANG Zhehan, FENG Shicong, LUO Wei, HUANG Junnan. Research advances in nursing education from the perspective of adaptive learning in the digital and intelligent era[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2025, 22(11): 1404-1408.

图/表 3

参考文献 32

[1]	教育部等九部门关于加快推进教育数字化的意见[EB/OL].(2025-04-11)[2025-06-10]. https://www.gov.cn/zheng-ce/zheng-ceku/202504/content_7019045.htm.
[2]	怀进鹏. 把教育强国的宏伟蓝图变为美好现实[EB/OL].(2025-06-01)[2025-06-10]. http://www.qstheory.cn/20250530/ad72f7f-090e243979d889fbc3aa04a49/c.html.
[3]	习近平. 加快建设教育强国[EB/OL].(2025-06-01)[2025-06-10]. http://www.qstheory.cn/20250530/2f3e2f4ff16046c9aa6a1268-b01a8010/c.html.
[4]	中共中央国务院印发《教育强国建设规划纲要(2024—2035年)》[EB/OL].(2025-01-19)[2025-06-10]. https://www.gov.cn/zheng-ce/202501/content_6999913.htm.
[5]	国务院办公厅. 关于加快医学教育创新发展的指导意见[EB/OL].(2020-09-23)[2025-06-10]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2020-09/23/content_5546373.htm.
[6]	尚少梅, 潘姝丞. 继往开来再谱新篇:我国高等护理教育成就及未来发展[J]. 中华护理教育, 2024, 21(9):1032-1033.
	Shang SM, Pan SC. Building on the past and forging ahead to write a new chapter:the achievements and future development of higher nursing education in China[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2024, 21(9):1032-1033.
[7]	李凤英, 龙紫阳. 从自适应学习推荐到自适应学习牵引模型:“智能+”教育时代自适应学习研究取向[J]. 远程教育杂志, 2020, 38(6):22-31.
	Li FY, Long ZY. From the model of adaptive learning recom-mendation to the one of adaptive learning pulling:the research trend of adaptive learning in the age of “intelligence + edu-cation”[J]. J Distance Educ, 2020, 38(6):22-31.
[8]	Kalinauskaite G, Nikolaou K, Wittig A, et al. Online radiothera-py:the paradigm shift to real-time adaptive radiotherapy[J]. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2025, 122(3):59-64.
[9]	Zhang R, Wang CS, He SH, et al. An adaptive brain-computer interface to enhance motor recovery after stroke[J]. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2023,31:2268-2278.
[10]	Annaswamy AM, Fradkov AL. A historical perspective of ada-ptive control and learning[J]. Annu Rev Contr, 2021, 52: 18-41. [11] Samuel AL. Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers[J]. IBM J Res Dev,1959, 3(3):210-229.
[11]	Brusilovsky P. Methods and techniques of adaptive hyperme-dia[J]. User Model User Adapt Interact, 1996, 6(2):87-129. doi: 10.1007/BF00143964
[12]	吕巾娇, 刘美凤, 史力范. 美国信息技术教育应用的历史回眸:期望影响与现实影响[J]. 电化教育研究, 2022, 43(11):115-121,128.
	Lü JJ, Liu MF, Shi LF. A historical retrospect of application of information technology in education in the United States:expected impact and actual impact[J]. E Educ Res, 2022, 43(11):115-121,128.
[13]	吴晗清, 高香迪. “教·学·评”一体化理念偏差与实践困境及其超越[J]. 教育科学研究, 2022(2):54-58,66.
	Wu HQ, Gao XD. Rise above cognitive bias and practical dilemmas of the integration of “teaching,learning and evalua-tion”[J]. Educ Sci Res, 2022(2):54-58,66.
[14]	Tetzlaff L, Schmiedek F, Brod G. Developing personalized edu-cation:a dynamic framework[J]. Educ Psychol Rev, 2021, 33(3):863-882. doi: 10.1007/s10648-020-09570-w
[15]	Sibley L, Lachner A, Plicht C, et al. Feasibility of adaptive teaching with technology:which implementation conditions matter?[J]. Comput Educ, 2024,219:105108.
[16]	Morente L, Morales-Asencio JM, Veredas FJ. Effectiveness of an e-learning tool for education on pressure ulcer evaluation[J]. J Clin Nurs, 2014, 23(13/14):2043-2052. doi: 10.1111/jocn.2014.23.issue-13pt14
[17]	Tharalson E, Morgan M, Ilchak D, et al. Innovative digital peda-gogy:adaptive learning platform integration in nurse practitio-ner curriculum[J]. J Nurse Pract, 2023, 19(10):104773. doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2023.104773
[18]	Chan EA, Mak YW, Kor P, et al. Effectiveness of adaptive self-regulated learning in online learning courses for under-graduate nursing students:a mixed-methods study[J]. Nurse Educ Today, 2025,148:106636.
[19]	张凤, 耿子涵, 尹志勤, 等. 护理专业大学生超大规模线上自适应学习横断面调查研究[J]. 中央民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 30(3):81-86.
	Zhang F, Geng ZH, Yin ZQ, et al. Super-large scale online adaptive learning study of students in medical college[J]. J Minzu Univ China Nat Sci Ed, 2021, 30(3):81-86.
[20]	Hinkle JPM. A preliminary examination of adaptive case studies in nursing pathophysiology[J]. Current Issues in eMerging eLear-ning, 2018, 5(Special Issue on Adaptive Learning):20-28.
[21]	Hinkle JF, Jones CA, Saccomano S. Pilot of an adaptive learning platform in a graduate nursing education pathophysiology course[J]. J Nurs Educ, 2020, 59(6):327-330. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20200520-05 pmid: 32497234
[22]	梁小丽, 何小东, 梁红丽, 等. 基于自适应学习的开放教育毕业论文学习指导系统应用研究:以国家开放大学护理学本科专业为例[J]. 内蒙古电大学刊, 2021(1):69-73.
	Liang XL, He XD, Liang HL, et al. Research on the application of learning guidance system for graduation thesis in open education based on adaptive learning:taking nursing undergraduate major of national open university as an example[J]. J Inn Mong Radio TV Univ, 2021(1):69-73.
[23]	Chansiri S, Wongwatkit C. An ethnic context-focused mobile adaptive learning approach to promoting sexual health literacy in non-formal education[J]. Int J Mob Learn Organisation, 2024, 18(4):440-460.
[24]	Meaney PA, Hokororo A, Ndosi H, et al. Implementing adapti-ve e-learning for newborn care in Tanzania:an observational study of provider engagement and knowledge gains[J]. BMJ Open, 2024, 14(2):e077834. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077834
[25]	Dorri R, Al-Omari E, Al-Hassan M, et al. Global integration of adaptive quizzing in nursing education:enhancing student performance and bridging educational gaps:a narrative review[J]. Nurse Educ Pract, 2025,84:104334.
[26]	Burr SA, Gale T, Kisielewska J, et al. A narrative review of adaptive testing and its application to medical education[J]. Med Ed Publish, 2023,13:221.
[27]	潘姝丞, 尚少梅, 周伟娇, 等. 五国护士执业资格考试比较及对我国的启示[J]. 中华医学教育杂志, 2025, 45(4):315-320.
	Pan CS, Shang SM, Zhou WJ, et al. A comparison of national nurse licensure examination in five countries and implications for China[J]. Chin J Med Educ, 2025, 45(4):315-320.
[28]	柯文婷. 基于自适应学习的护士执业资格考试学习系统的设计与实现[D]. 深圳: 深圳大学, 2018.
	Ke WT. Design and implementation of learning system for nurse qualification examination based on adaptive learning[D]. Shenzhen: Shenzhen University, 2018.
[29]	Hinkle JF, Bove LA, Roberto A, et al. An innovative nurse practitioner curricular design using an adaptive learning platform,adaptive case studies,and telehealth simulations:a feasibility study[J]. SAGE Open Nurs, 2023,9:237796082311-87273.
[30]	Yin SY, Wang LS. Enhancing translation education through cognitive load management and adaptive learning:insights from behavioral and cognitive psychology[J]. Inter J Mental Health Nurs, 2024,33:16.
[31]	Martin F, Chen Y, Moore RL, et al. Systematic review of adap-tive learning research designs,context,strategies,and technolo-gies from 2009 to 2018[J]. Educ Technol Res Dev, 2020, 68(4):1903-1929. doi: 10.1007/s11423-020-09793-2
[32]	Watkins A, Ullal A, Sarkar N. Every“body” gets a say:an aug-mented optimization metric to preserve body pose during avatar adaptation in mixed/augmented reality[J]. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph, 2025, 31(7):3897-3912. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2024.3388376