我国高级实践护士发展的态势分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.12.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该文采用SWOT[S（strengths）为优势，W（weaknesses）为劣势，O（opportunities）为机遇，T（threats）为威胁）]分析法分析了我国高级实践护士（advanced practice nurse，APN）发展的内外部环境，明确了其内部优势与劣势、外部机遇与威胁，并提出针对性的发展建议。该文认为目前我国APN发展的显著优势在于专科护士队伍的壮大及护士队伍学历素质的提升，然而教育与培训结构不完善、管理与认证结构不健全及护士短缺与人才流失问题成为其发展的主要劣势。国家战略与医药卫生体制改革的方向及社会健康需求的持续增长为APN的发展提供了难得的机遇；但APN角色的合法性进程处于起步阶段及对APN角色的认同尚未形成构成其发展的潜在威胁。我国应借鉴国际成熟理念和方法，结合国情创新APN培养模式与管理机制，完善APN认证体系并加快推进APN角色的合法化进程，提高APN的使用水平，提升社会对APN角色的认同度等，从而推动我国APN领域的持续健康发展。

关键词: 高级实践护士, 态势分析法, 教育, 护理, 专科护士

Abstract:

This paper employs the SWOT analysis method to analyze the internal and external environments for the development of advanced practice nurses（APNs） in China. It clarifies the internal strengths and weaknesses，as well as external opportunities and threats，and proposes targeted development suggestions. The paper concludes that the notable strengths of APN development in China currently lie in the expansion of the specialist nursing workforce and the improvement in the educational qualifications of practitioners. However，shortcomings such as the incomplete education and training structure，inadequate management and certification systems，and issues of nurse shortages and talent loss represent major weaknesses. The direction of national strategies and healthcare system reforms，as well as the continuous growth in societal health needs，provide valuable opportunities for APN development. Yet，challenges such as the legitimacy process for the role of APNs is still in its infancy，and a lack of recognition for their role poses potential threats to their development. China should draw on advanced foreign concepts and methodologies，innovate the training model and management mechanism for APNs in accordance with national conditions，improve the certification system，and accelerate the process of role legitimacy of APNs. By enhancing the level of utilization of APNs and increasing societal recognition of their role，we can promote the sustained and healthy development of the APN field in China.

Key words: Advanced practice nurses, SWOT analysis, Nursing education, Specialty nurses

王雯静, 苑秋辰, 郭爱敏. 我国高级实践护士发展的态势分析[J]. 中华护理教育, 2024, 21(12): 1443-1448.

WANG Wenjing, YUAN Qiuchen, GUO Aimin. Analysis of the development trends of advanced practice nurses in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2024, 21(12): 1443-1448.

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