Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of nurses’ experiences with negative behaviors,and to provide a basis for improving nurses’ working environment and enhancing their occupational health. Methods Using a multi-stage convenient sampling method,a survey was conducted among 4 484 nurses from 63 public hospitals in 28 provinces from November 2023 to December 2023. The participants were investigated using the general information questionnaire,the Chinese version of Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised,the neuroticism dimension of the Big Five Inventory-2,the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,the Nursing Organizational Climate Scale,the peer support dimension of the Chinese version of the Perceived Social Support Scale,and the participation and consistency dimensions of the Organizational Culture Scale. Results A total of 4 325 valid questionnaires were collected,with a recovery rate of 96.45%. Among them,19.86%(859/4 325) of nurses had experienced negative behaviors. Logistic regression analysis showed that intermediate or senior professional titles(compared to junior titles),positions as head nurses or deputy head nurses(compared to no position),neuroticism,passive coping,nursing organizational climate,peer support,and levels of participation and consistency were influencing factors for nurses’ experiences with negative behaviors(P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of nurses’ experiences with negative behaviors is relatively high. Nurses with higher professional titles,middle-level managers,those with higher neuroticism or passive coping levels,and those with lower perceived nursing organizational climate,peer support,and levels of participation and consistency are more likely to experience negative behaviors. Nursing managers should focus on key groups,emphasize organizational culture and climate construction,promote positive colleague relationships and the formation of support networks,and reduce the likelihood of nurses experiencing negative behaviors.