硕士学位护士职业疲劳现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2022.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解我国硕士学位护士的职业疲劳现状并分析其影响因素。方法 2020年11月—12月,采用便利抽样和滚雪球抽样选取我国东、中、西部地区共15个省市的191名硕士学位护士为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、职业疲劳衰竭恢复量表、付出-回报失衡量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数进行问卷调查。结果硕士学位护士慢性疲劳得分（46.46±21.49）分,急性疲劳得分（57.57±19.70）分,班次间恢复得分（52.98±18.20）分。回归分析结果显示,硕士学位护士慢性疲劳的影响因素包括付出、回报、过度投入、睡眠质量、婚姻状况、每28 d休息周末个数,可解释总变异的50.5%;急性疲劳的影响因素包括过度投入、付出、睡眠质量和每月班次间休息时间<11 h次数,可解释总变异的53.6%;班次间恢复的影响因素包括付出、回报、睡眠质量、每月夜班数和过度投入,可解释总变异的39.8%。结论硕士学位护士急性疲劳和班次间恢复处于中等偏高水平,慢性疲劳处于中等偏低水平。建议医院管理者制订科学合理的工作时间安排,注意保证护士休息时间,加强对硕士学位护士的回报。同时,硕士学位护士自身应调整过度投入的工作动机模式。

关键词: 教育,护理,研究生, 护士, 疲劳, 职业, 问卷调查

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of occupational fatigue among nurses with master degree in China and to explore its influencing factors. Methods From November to December 2020,a total of 191 nurses with master degree from 15 provinces and municipalities in eastern,central and western China were selected by convenience sampling and snowball sampling. These nurses were investigated by the general information questionnaire,the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale,the Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results The scores of occupational fatigue among nurses with master degree were as follows:chronic fatigue（46.46±21.49）,acute fatigue（57.57±19.70） and inter-shift recovery（52.98±18.20）. The multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of chronic fatigue of postgraduate nurses included effort,reward,overcommitment,sleep quality,marital status,and the number of weekends off every 28 days,which could explain 50.5% of the total variation. Influencing factors of acute fatigue included overcommitment,dedication,sleep quality and monthly rest time between shifts <11 h,which could explain 53.6% of the total variation. The influencing factors of inter-shift recovery included effort,reward,sleep quality,number of night shifts per month and overcommitment,which could explain 39.8% of the total variation. Conclusion Nurses with master degree were at a moderately high level of acute fatigue and inter-shift recovery,and a moderately low level of chronic fatigue. It is recommended that hospital managers formulate scientific and reasonable work schedules,pay attention to nurses’ rest time,and strengthen the return to nurses with a master’s degree. At the same time,the nurses should adjust their overcommitted work motivation model.

Key words: Education,Nursing,Graduate, Nurses, Fatigue, Occupations, Questionnaires

黄康慧,殷弘凡,汤依然,刘雨馨,宋安泰,张媛媛,章雅青. 硕士学位护士职业疲劳现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理教育, 2022, 19(3): 267-272.

HUANG Kang-hui,YIN Hong-fan,TANG Yi-ran,LIU Yu-xin,SONG An-tai,ZHANG Yuan-yuan,ZHANG Ya-qing. The occupational fatigue among nurses with master degree[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2022, 19(3): 267-272.

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