专科护士培训体验质性研究的Meta整合

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2023.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统评价我国护士接受专科护士培训的真实体验。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于我国护士接受专科护士培训体验的质性研究，检索时限为建库至2022年12月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料后，使用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准（2016）评价文献质量，采用Meta整合方法对结果进行整合。结果共纳入文献12篇，提炼31个研究结果，将研究结果归纳为8个类别，并综合得出3个整合结果：专科护士培训使护士获益良多；因培训方案及其实施不完善产生的落差感与获得多方支持所带来的自我效能感并存；培训过程中的体验变化——由初期的倍感珍惜与充满期待，到进展期出现的多种负性心理体验，再到后期的良好心态伴随着迷茫感。结论专科护士培训使护士获益匪浅，但培训方案在制订与实施上存在不足之处，尚需完善。应关注护士在接受专科护士培训期间出现的负性体验，通过增强其社会支持系统，减轻负性体验给其带来的不利影响。

关键词: 专科护士培训, 定性研究, Meta整合

Abstract:

Objective To systematically evaluate the real experience of our country’s specialty nurses when they receive the training of specialty nurses. Methods Qualitative studies on the training experience of specialty nurses were searched from PubMed，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，CNKI，Wanfang Database，VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database from the establishment of the database to December 2022. After literature screening and data extraction by two researchers independently，the quality of literature was evaluated using the Quality Evaluation Criteria of Evidence-Based Health Care Center of Joanna Briggs Institute，Australia（2016），and the results were integrated by Meta-synthesis method. Results Twelve literatures were included，31 research results were extracted and classified into 8 categories. Three results were obtained：1） specialized training benefited specialty nurses a lot；2） the feelings of disparity caused by the defects of the training program and its implementation coexist with feelings of self-efficacy due to the support received from various sources；3） changes in the experience of the training process-from the initial period of cherishing and full of expectations，to the progress of the emergence of a variety of negative psychological experiences，and then to the later stage of a good state of mind and the coexistence of a sense of confusion. Conclusion The nursing staffs benefit a lot from the training of specialty nurses，but the training system still has defects and needs to be further improved. At the same time，we should pay attention to the pressure faced by specialty trainees during the training，strengthen the social support system，so as to mitigate the adverse effects of negative experiences.

Key words: Specialty nurses training, Qualitative researches, Meta-synthesis

王亚珍, 王秀锋, 高娅妮, 陈丽颖, 张福康. 专科护士培训体验质性研究的Meta整合[J]. 中华护理教育, 2023, 20(12): 1433-1439.

WANG Yazhen, WANG Xiufeng, GAO Yani, CHEN Liying, ZHANG Fukang. Meta-synthesis of qualitative research on professional nurse training experience in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2023, 20(12): 1433-1439.

图/表 2

参考文献 24

[1]	国家卫生健康委. 关于印发《全国护理事业发展规划(2021—2025年)》的通知[EB/OL]. 2022-04-29)[2023-10-22]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-05/09/content_5689354.htm.
[2]	Duffield C, Gardner G, Chang AM, et al. Advanced nursing practice:a global perspective[J]. Collegian, 2009, 16(2):55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.colegn.2009.02.001
[3]	丁炎明, 吴欣娟, 肖艳艳, 等. 我国53 316名专科护士职业发展情况调查研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(2):182-186. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.02.004
	Ding YM, Wu XJ, Xiao YY, et al. Investigation on career development of 53 316 specialist nurses in China[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2020, 55(2):182-186. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.02.004
[4]	胡雁. 循证护理学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2012.
	Hu Y. Evidence-based nursing[M]. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2012.
[5]	薛亚萍, 丁亚萍, 徐冬梅, 等. 全髋关节置换病人真实体验质性研究的Meta整合[J]. 循证护理, 2023, 9(19):3428-3435.
	Xue YP, Ding YP, Xu DM, et al. Study on the real experience of total hip arthroplasty patients:a qualitative Meta-integration[J]. Chin Evid Based Nurs, 2023, 9(19):3428-3435.
[6]	徐海丽, 陈肖敏, 姚林燕. 浙江省首届手术室专科护士培训班学员心理体验的质性研究[J]. 护理学报, 2011, 18(18):68-70.
	Xu HL, Chen XM, Yao LY. Qualitative research of psychological experience of specialized nurse trainees of operating room[J]. J Nurs(China), 2011, 18(18):68-70.
[7]	段慧杰, 刘承梅, 陈科委, 等. 康复护理专科护士临床实践培训体验的质性研究[J]. 中国中医药现代远程教育, 2022, 20(22):52-56.
	Duan HJ, Liu CM, Chen KW, et al. Qualitative research on clinical practice training experience of rehabilitation nursing specialist nurses[J]. Chin Med Mod Distance Educ China, 2022, 20(22):52-56.
[8]	刘海英. 呼吸道传染病专科护士学员培训体验的质性研究[J]. 当代护士(上旬刊), 2017, 13(1):170-172.
	Liu HY. Qualitative study on training experience of respiratory infectious disease specialist nurses[J]. Modern Nurse, 2017, 13(1):170-172.
[9]	罗艳, 杨相梅. 重庆市呼吸专科护士临床实践培训体验的质性研究[J]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2018, 17(7):685-689.
	Luo Y, Yang XM. Qualitative research on clinical practice training experience of respiratory specialist nurses in Chongqing[J]. Chin J Med Edu Res, 2018, 17(7):685-689.
[10]	许海荣, 陈超, 励婷瑶, 等. 军队医院肝胆专科护士临床培训体验的质性研究[J]. 齐鲁护理杂志, 2017, 23(10):23-25.
[11]	蔡锋成, 徐萌艳, 吴映瑛, 等. 专科助产士培训体验的质性研究[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2022, 37(16):1528-1531.
	Cai FC, Xu MY, Wu YY, et al. Qualitative research on training experience of specialist midwives[J]. J Nurses Train, 2022, 37(16):1528-1531.
[12]	殷小莉, 李晓妮, 李亚西. 南京市安宁疗护试点专科护士实践培训体验的质性研究[J]. 全科护理, 2022, 20(9):1278-1281.
	Yin XL, Li XN, Li YX. A qualitative study on the practical training experience of nurses in Nanjing hospice care pilot unit[J]. Chin Gen Pract Nurs, 2022, 20(9):1278-1281.
[13]	刘尚昆, 代恒茂, 罗兰, 等. 麻醉专科护士培训体验的质性研究[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2021, 36(19):1786-1789.
	Liu SK, Dai HM, Luo L, et al. Qualitative research on training experience of anesthesiology specialist nurses[J]. J Nurses Train, 2021, 36(19):1786-1789.
[14]	寇京莉, 曹朋, 杨丽松. 老年专科护士培训体验的质性研究[J]. 中国实用护理杂志, 2019, 35(22):1751-1756.
	Kou JL, Cao P, Yang LS. A qualitative study on the training experiences of gerontological clinical nurse specialist[J]. Chin J Prac Nurs, 2019, 35(22):1751-1756.
[15]	林育敏, 黄银英, 侯婉玲, 等. 助产专科护士培训体验的质性研究[J]. 当代护士, 2023, 30(1):75-78.
	Lin YM, Huang YY, Hou WL, et al. Qualitative research on training experience of midwifery nurses[J]. Modern Nurse, 2023, 30(1):75-78.
[16]	孙言花, 叶志弘, 华宏妹, 等. 浙江省肿瘤专科护士培训体验的质性研究[J]. 中国实用护理杂志, 2016, 32(27):2150-2154.
	Sun YH, Ye ZH, Hua HM, et al. A qualitative study on the training experience of tumor specialized nurses in Zhejiang[J]. Chin J Prac Nurs, 2016, 32(27):2150-2154.
[17]	王新, 杨巾夏, 姚文英. 江苏省儿科危重症专科护士培训体验的现象学研究[J]. 护理管理杂志, 2018, 18(11):790-794.
	Wang X, Yang JX, Yao WY. Phenomenological study on the training experience of pediatric critical care specialist nurse in Jiangsu[J]. J Nurs Adm, 2018, 18(11):790-794.
[18]	马秋平, 曹汝汝, 陈玲. 护理硕士专业学位研究生核心能力的研究热点及前沿分析[J]. 军事护理, 2023, 40(1):94-97.
	Ma QP, Cao RR, Chen L. Analysis of hot topics on core competence of postgraduate master students in nursing specialist[J]. Mil Nurs, 2023, 40(1):94-97.
[19]	程子卉, 夏海鸥. ICU专科护士培训后工作内容变化的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2017, 52(12):1427-1431.
	Cheng ZH, Xia HO. A qualitative study on the change of practice of ICU advanced practice nurses before and after training program[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2017, 52(12):1427-1431.
[20]	卫生部办公厅关于印发《专科护理领域护士培训大纲》的通知[EB/OL]. 2007-05-25)[2023-10-25]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s3593/200804/c3c6efde4d1940ecad1d2b138033e803.shtml.
[21]	张艳, 徐蓉, 刘芳, 等. 糖尿病管理中护士的角色发展及展望[J]. 中华护理教育, 2023, 20(9):1038-1044.
	Zhang Y, Xu R, Liu F, et al. The development and prospect of the role of nurses in diabetes management in China[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2023, 20(9):1038-1044.
[22]	Teng CI, Lotus Shyu YI, Chang HY. Moderating effects of professional commitment on hospital nurses in Taiwan[J]. J Prof Nurs, 2007, 23(1):47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2006.10.002
[23]	叶鸾婧. 高中生师生关系对学习动机的影响:学业自我效能感的中介作用及团辅干预研究[D]. 武汉: 华中师范大学, 2022.
	Ye LJ. The influence of teacher-student relationship on learning motivation of senior high school students:the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and the intervention by the league[D]. Wuhan: Central China Normal University, 2022.
[24]	丁炎明, 吴欣娟, 田君叶, 等. 我国31个省份三级医院专科护士培养及管理的现状调查[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(9):1357-1362. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.09.013
	Ding YM, Wu XJ, Tian JY, et al. The current situation of the cultivation and development of specialty nurses in tertiary hospitals in China[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2021, 56(9):1357-1362. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.09.013