Objective To explore the correlations between negative emotion,self-care ability and the level of blood pressure control in older adults living alone with hypertension. Methods A total of 134 elderly hypertensive patients living alone were surveyed using general information questionnaire,self-rating anxiety scale（SAS） and self-rating depression scale（SDS）,and self-care agency scale（ECSA）. Their blood pressure was also measured. Results The scores of SAS and SDS were（53.42±6.28）and（55.03±7.02）respectively. There was negative correlation between negative emotion and ESCA（P<0.05）. Patients with good blood pressure control had lower negative emotional score than those with poor control（P<0.05）. Conclusion Older adults living alone with hypertension have more negative emotions. Negative emotion can affect self-care ability and blood pressure control.