Objective To develop a behavioral adherence scale for prevention of lymphedema in breast cancer patients and test its reliability and validity. Method A preliminary item pool was constructed through literature review，semi-structured interviews，etc. The initial scale was formed by expert consultation，and a pre-survey was used to pre-test and adjust the entries. From May 2023 to July 2023，372 breast cancer survivors were conveniently selected for investigation，and item analysis，reliability and validity test were conducted. From August 2023 to October 2023，366 breast cancer survivors were selected for confirmatory factor analysis to further test the factor structure of the questionnaire. Results The final version of the scale for measuring the compliance of lymphedema prevention behaviors in breast cancer patients during the rehabilitation period includes five dimensions：limb protection，skin care，appropriate functional exercise，self-detection and symptom recognition，and a healthy lifestyle，with a total of 30 items. The cumulative variance contribution rate of exploratory factor analysis was 73.472%. The content validity index of the scale ranged from 0.825 to 1.000. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.901，and the 2-week test-retest reliability was 0.818. Conclusion The scale for measuring the compliance of lymphedema prevention behaviors in breast cancer patients during the rehabilitation period has good reliability and validity，and can be used as an effective tool for evaluating the behavior compliance of lymphedema prevention in breast cancer survivors.