Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of oncology specialty nurses’ oncological nurse practice，so as to provide a reference for optimizing their training and use protocol. Methods A total of 216 oncology specialty nurses from Guangdong Province were recruited as participants by convenience sampling in March 2024. A general information questionnaire，the Oncological Nurse Practice Questionnaire of Oncology Specialty Nurses and the Nurse Practice Environment Scale were used for investigation. Results The score of oncology specialty nurses’ practice was （3.46±0.65），the average scores of each dimension in descending order were as following，clinical nursing （3.73±0.62），education （3.50±0.75），management and leadership （3.33±0.83），consulting （2.95±0.91），research（2.84±0.90）. The nurse practice environment，nurses self-evaluated the performance degree of job role，the carry out of out-of-hospital nursing consultation，undertaking specialist outpatient clinic，educational level，the type of medical institution，the categories of academic organizations for oncology specialty nurses training，professional title were found as the influencing factors. Conclusion The implementation of oncology specialty nurses’ oncological nurse practice should be improved，and the construction of nurse practice environment and undertaking specialty outpatient clinic and consultation work is helpful in promoting nursing practice behavior. It is necessary to explore the optimization of the training and use mechanism of oncology specialty nurses continuously.