Objective To address the issues of limited teaching resources and insufficient practical opportunities in traditional nursing experimental teaching，this study introduced the development and practice of a cardiovascular emergency virtual simulation experiment project based on extended reality（XR） technology. Methods Using symbolic interactionism，connectionism，and behaviorism as theoretical framework，the experimental resources for the “Cardiovascular Emergency Virtual Simulation Experiment Based on XR Technology in a Multidimensional Environment” were developed，which consists of two modules：Basic Life Support（BLS） and Advanced Life Support（ALS）. In the basic module，augmented reality（AR） holographic imaging technology，with guidance from an “intelligent virtual mentor”，provides students with intuitive instructions on basic life support processes and key actions，offering real-time visual feedback，combining virtual and real elements to enhance learning outcomes. In the advanced life support module，a virtual environment based on new respiratory infectious disease cardiovascular emergency cases was constructed，allowing students to learn ALS procedures online using WebGL technology and train emergency response thinking. The virtual reality（VR） immersive environment allows students to engage in interactive practice. The virtual simulation experiment project was applied in the courses of “Nursing Skills Enhancement Training” and “Basic Nursing Science”. An interceptive follow-up evaluation was conducted to assess the subjective experiences of participating students and teachers. Results The teachers and students who participated in the virtual simulation experiment teaching project expressed satisfaction with the overall quality of the course. The teachers believed that the experiment could help them to alleviate teaching stress and allow more time for teaching more complex operational difficulties. Meanwhile，students generally provided strong feedback on their immersion and participation in experiments，and were able to sensitively correct operational changes，which was helpful in improving skill proficiency and practical confidence. This course had been rated as a first-class undergraduate course in virtual simulation experimental teaching at the national level. Conclusion This project is one of the successful cases of applying XR technology to nursing experimental teaching. It offers rich experimental scenarios and personalized teaching models，thereby enhancing students’ learning motivation and participation，as well as improving professional skills.