Objective To develop a self-oriented training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation （CPR-D）. The effects of the training were examined by a randomized controlled study to provide references to promote the popularization of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in public. Methods Guided by the educational strategy proposed by the American Heart Association and drew by the modern "kiosk" self-service concept,the CPR-D self-oriented training model was constructed,which mainly included setting up self-service training venues,making teaching videos,establishing feedback models,and formulating management mechanisms. The effects of the training model were evaluated by a randomized controlled trial among students. The main outcome was the performance of chest compressions. The secondary outcomes included the performance of the other skills,CPR-D knowledge and the total training time. The evaluation of participants on the self-oriented training was investigated by interviews. Results A total of 119 students were finally included in the study with 53 in the experimental group and 66 in the control group. There were no significant differences in the percentage of the correct rate,adequate depth,correct hand position and the total score of chest compressions between the two groups（P>0.05）. As to the percentage of full chest rebound,the experimental group displayed superior to the control group（92.09%±18.35%,73.36%±29.20%,t=4.266,P<0.001）. The experimental group scored lower on the knowledge level than the control group（11.92±1.64,13.12±1.22,t=4.420,P<0.001）. The duration of training in the experimental group was less than that in the control group[（37.49±4.61） min,（63.44±2.24） min,t=37.568,P<0.001]. The results showed that 19 participants in the experimental group gave some suggestions on the teaching videos and venue facilities,etc. Twenty-three students gave a positive evaluation to the self-oriented training. Conclusion Self-oriented training is helpful to promote and popularize hands-only CPR,and it can get the similar effect with the instructor-oriented training. The configuration of software and hardware according to local conditions is conducive to give full play to the effectiveness of self-help training. It is necessary to optimize the self-oriented training and promote its related researches.