Objective To explore the effects of a Nursing Project on compliance with lumbar dorsal muscle function exercise in patients with low back pain. Methods A nursing project team was established. The compliance status of low back muscle function exercise in 39 patients with low back pain admitted from May to August 2019 were investigated,and 38 patients with low back pain admitted from May to August 2020 received the nursing project. The compliance rate in function exercise of low back muscle and Oswestry Disability Index（ODI） grades were compared before the project,at discharge,and 1 month and 6 months after discharge. Results At the time of discharge,1 month and 6 months after discharge,the compliance rates of the patients were higher than those of the patients before the project implementation（P<0.05）. The value of ODI was statistically significant between groups（F=6.365,P=0.016）,and the time effect was statistically significant（F=125.769,P<0.001）. The interac-tion effect between the group and time was not statistically significant（F=0.796,P=0.505）. Conclusion The nursing project has effectively improved the compliance with exercise of the patients with low back pain and alleviated their dysfunctions.