Objective To investigate the effects of the module teaching on ability of syndrome differentiation and treatment among new nurses in a traditional Chinese hospital. Methods New nurses recruited in the year 2017 and 2018 in the Nantong Traditional Chinese Hospital were assigned to the control group,and those recruited in the year 2019 to 2020 were assigned to the experimental group. Nurses in the control group received the traditional training. Nurses in the experimental group were trained through the modular teaching,including the modules of bridge-in,objective,pre-assessment,participatory learning,post-assessment and summary. After 6-month training,nurses in both groups were assessed for their knowledge of Chinese medicine,their ability of syndrome differentiation and treatment,and satisfaction level. Results After 6 months training,the knowledge score of nurses in the experimental group was 93.0(91.5,94.5) which was higher than that 85.0(82.5,87.5) of nurses in the control group(Z=11.309,P<0.001). The OSCE score of nurses in the experimental was 94.0(92.5,95.5),higher than that 93.0(92.0,94.0) of nurses in the control group(Z=3.063,P=0.002). The satisfaction level of nurses in the experimental group 85.0(81.5,88.5) was higher than that 67.0(63.0,71.0) of nurses in the control group(Z=11.541,P<0.001). Conclusion The module teaching can significantly improve new nurses’ ability of syndrome differentiation and treatment and satisfaction level. The training method is worthy to be promoted among new nurses.