Objective To explore the effects of online teaching of Surgical Nursing based on deep learning theory. Methods The online teaching was developed by addressing three aspects including knowledge acquisition,ability training,and emotional experience before,during,and after class. The teaching development was based on deep learning theory and use two-round action research method. Students’ performance,deep learning results and teaching satisfaction were evaluated. Results When the first-round action research was completed,some problems emerged：large differences in difficult points understanding before class,few interactions between instructors and students,insufficient participation and learning depth in group cooperative learning,and little reflection of humanistic care and innovative ability in homework. When these problems were addressed in second-round action research,students’ knowledge acquisition and deep learning performance were improved（P<0.05）. Besides,students’ recognition of teaching participation,learning resources,and ability cultivation were all improved. Conclusion The online teaching program of Surgical Nursing based on deep learning theory is helpful for students with their knowledge improvement,and deep learning motivation and involvement. The teaching can improve the integrated learning,the reflecting learning,and high-level learning.