Objective To systematically summarize the psychological experience of nurses as the second victim in medical adverse events,and to fully understand their real needs,so as to inform a basis for better intervention measures. Methods Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,EBSCO,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang Database,CBM,VIP Database and Taiwan Airiti Library Database were searched. These qualitative research on nurses’ experience as the second victim in medical adverse events was collected. The retrieval period was up to December 2019. The quality of the literature was evaluated by the quality evaluation criteria of the Australian JBI evidence-based Health Care Center and the results were analyzed by the method of collective integration. Results A total of 9 studies were included,24 intact and clear research results were extracted,similar research results were summarized into 9 new categories and 4 integrated results were obtained including nurses’ ways of dealing with adverse events were different from time to time;the occurrence of adverse events made nurses bear great pressure;the occurrence of adverse events promoted the positive development of nursing to a certain extent;the perceived social support in adverse events was very important. Conclusion While medical organizations focus on improving public awareness and tolerance of the second victim and advocating the culture of non-punishment,they should establish a clear procedure for investigating adverse events and give spiritual support to the second victim,urge the second victim to return to work as soon as possible and promote the continuous development of nursing in our country.