Objective To explore the influence of peer-to-peer learning mode on the learning effects of poverty alleviation students in precision education of secondary vocational nursing major. Methods According to the principle of “homogeneity between groups and heterogeneity within groups”,the 80 students in the Fujian Health College were divided into 14 peer-to-peer cooperative learning groups for one semester. Eighty nursing students from the homogenous school were randomly selected as the control group. The academic level test scores of the two groups were compared and the learning performance of the experimental group was evaluated. Results After the intervention,the score of learning attitude in the experimental group was lower than that before the intervention（P<0.05）;compared with the control group,the score of public basic knowledge in the academic level test in the experimental group was statistically significant（P<0.05）;compared with the control group,the score of professional basic knowledge in the academic level test in the experimental group was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion The peer-to-peer learning model is helpful to improve the learning attitude of the students in the training class,promote the improvement of their professional basic knowledge,and narrow the gap between their academic performance and that of the general secondary vocational school. However,their public basic ability is still relatively weak,so it is necessary to strengthen the assistance of public basic courses.