Objective To explore the effects of one-to-one assistance among nursing students involved in Targeted Poverty Alleviation program. Methods A total of 82 nursing students from Targeted Poverty Alleviation program in a College of Fujian province were recruited. Those students who had excellent performance in their study or who were the student leaders were chosen to provide assistance to those students from the Targeted Poverty Alleviation program. We evaluated the effects of such one-to-one assistance from three aspects including recording cases of discipline violation,investigating students’ attitudes,and evaluations from both sides students. Results The cases of being late for class and missing the class were reduced after one to one assistance. Their scores of learning attitude was increased（t=3.152,P=0.002）. More than 95% of the students who provided the assistance and more than 85% of the students who received the assistance accepted the one-to-one way highly. Conclusion One-to-one assistance could ameliorate the poor performance of students and improvetheir learning attitude. Students from both sides have improvement during the process. At the same time,the dilemma is also presented and the paper can provide a reference to other educational poverty alleviation projects.