目的 构建手术室护士的患者安全胜任力分层培训方案并评价其初步应用效果。 方法 基于文献回顾、问卷调查结果拟定方案初稿。2024年12月—2025年1月，采用德尔菲法对16名相关领域专家进行2轮函询，形成分层培训方案。采用便利抽样法，于2025年4月—6月基于方案对重庆市某三级甲等综合医院某院区手术室的42名护士实施培训。分析护士综合量化考核结果和培训前后的患者安全胜任力自评得分变化，并调查其对培训的满意度。 结果 2轮函询专家积极系数分别为94.1%和100.0%，专家权威系数分别为0.906、0.912，肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.319和0.329（均P<0.001）。最终方案分为基础培训方案和进阶培训方案两类，各包括培训对象、目标、内容、方法（式）、学时、师资、评价7个方面。基础培训组理论考核成绩为（89.23±3.85）分，技能考核一次性通过率为92%；进阶培训组案例分析报告和循证项目设计书合格率均为100%。培训后护士的患者安全胜任力自评得分高于培训前（P<0.001），护士对培训的总体满意度为98%。 结论 手术室护士的患者安全胜任力分层培训方案科学、可靠，有助于提升手术室护士的患者安全胜任力，获得了护士的认可。

Objective To construct a hierarchical training program for patient safety competence of operating room nurses and evaluate its preliminary application effect. Methods The first draft of the program was formulated based on literature review and questionnaire survey. From December 2024 to January 2025，the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of consultation with 16 experts in related fields，and the program was formed. From April 2025 to June 2025，42 nurses in the operating room of a tertiary grade A general hospital in Chongqing were trained based on the program. The results of comprehensive quantitative assessment of nurses，the changes in self-assessed scores of patient safety competence before and after training，and their satisfaction with the training were analyzed. Results The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds of letter consultation were 94.1% and 100.0% respectively，the authority coefficient were 0.906 and 0.912 respectively，and the Kendall's W coefficients were 0.319 and 0.329 respectively（all P<0.001）. The final program was divided into basic training program and advanced training program，each included seven modules：training objects，training objectives，training content，training methods，class hour arrangement，training instructors，and training evaluation. The theoretical assessment score of the basic training group was（89.23±3.85），and the one-time pass rate of the skill assessment was 92%；the pass rates of case analysis reports and evidence-based project design books in the advanced training group were both 100%. The self-assessed scores of nurses’ patient safety competence after training was higher than those before the training（P<0.001），and nurses’ satisfaction with the program was 98%. Conclusion The hierarchical training program for patient safety competence of operating room nurses is scientific and reliable，which helps to improve the patient safety competence of operating room nurses，and can provide reference，basis and practical guidance for hospitals to carry out patient safety training for operating room nurses.