目的 探讨护理本科生外显和内隐死亡态度及其与生命意义感的关系。 方法 采取便利抽样法，于2022年 3月—5月抽取北京市某医学院校护理本科生211名作为调查对象，采用死亡态度描绘量表、汉化版生命意义感量表对其进行调查。同时便利选取58名护理本科生接受内隐死亡态度的单类内隐联想测验。 结果 211名护理本科生外显死亡态度各维度中，自然接受维度得分最高，为（4.11±0.60）分；外显死亡态度在自然接受维度与生命意义感及其各维度间呈正相关（P<0.05），在逃离接受维度与生命意义感及其各维度间呈负相关（P<0.05）。58名护理本科生内隐死亡态度的内隐效应值为（0.24±0.43）（与0比较，差异有统计学意义）；内隐死亡态度与外显死亡态度及生命意义感间均无明显相关性（P>0.05）。结论 护理本科生外显死亡态度较积极，内隐死亡态度为负性且有独立的心理机制。未来在进行死亡教育时，需综合考虑外显与内隐死亡态度；在通过干预护理本科生的死亡态度提升其生命意义感水平时，需聚焦外显态度的主动建构，避免高频“死亡暴露”，进而减少其心理耗竭的发生。

Objective To investigate the explicit and implicit death attitudes among undergraduate nursing students and explore their relationships with the sense of meaning in life. Methods A convenience sampling method was adopted to recruit 211 undergraduate nursing students from a medical college in Beijing between March and May 2022 as the survey participants. The Death Attitude Profile-Revised（DAR-P） and the Chinese version of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire（C-MLQ） were utilized for the survey. Among them，58 students were conveniently selected to undergo the Single-Category Implicit Association Test（SC-IAT） to assess their implicit death attitudes. Results Among the various dimensions of explicit death attitudes of undergraduate nursing students，the natural acceptance dimension scored the highest，with a mean score of（4.11±0.60）. The implicit effect value of implicit death attitudes was（0.24±0.43），and the difference was statistically significant when compared to 0. A positive correlation was observed between the natural acceptance dimension of explicit death attitude and the sense of meaning in life（P<0.05），while a negative correlation was found between the escape acceptance dimension of explicit death attitude and the sense of meaning in life（P<0.05）. Besides，no significant correlations were identified between implicit death attitude and explicit death attitude，nor between implicit death attitude and the sense of meaning in life（P>0.05）. Conclusion Undergraduate nursing students generally exhibit a relatively positive explicit death attitude，whereas their implicit death attitude is negative and governed by an independent psychological mechanism. In future death education initiatives，it is essential to comprehensively consider both explicit and implicit death attitudes. When aiming to enhance the sense of meaning in life among undergraduate nursing students through interventions targeting their death attitudes，the focus should be on the proactive construction of explicit attitudes，while avoiding excessive “exposure to death” so as to mitigate the risk of psychological burnout.