目的 分析我国高职专科助产专业设置现状及区域差异性。方法 筛选2023年开设高职专科助产专业的院校,提取其专业、院校信息。同时,获取各省份地理面积、2023年各省份常住人口、出生人口数量、普通高等学校数量数据。采用描述性分析法分析我国当前高职专科助产专业设置基本情况、不同区域下我国高职专科助产专业设置现状。运用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数和泰尔指数对高职专科助产专业布点院校分布的区域差异性进行分析。结果 2023年高职专科助产专业布点院校共282所,其中280所(99.3%)开设高职专科3年制助产专业;200所(70.9%)为公办院校;259所(91.8%)为高职专科院校;93所(33.0%)为公办综合类高职专科院校。2023年我国每千万常住人口、每十万出生人口、每十万平方千米高职专科助产专业布点院校数依次为2.00所、3.13所和2.93所。2023年高职专科助产专业设置在地理面积、常住人口、出生人口维度上的基尼系数依次为0.618、0.212、0.230,总泰尔指数依次为0.319、0.042、0.041。结论 高职专科助产专业学制以3年制为主,布点院校类型多样,在地理面积维度上的分布极不均衡,且分布差异主要来自地区内部。应积极推进职普融通,以提升助产专业从业人员整体学历层次;通过尽快将高职专科助产专业纳入国家控制的高职专业,健全和落实专业预警和动态调整机制等举措,科学调整、优化专业布局。

Objective To analyze the current status and regional disparities in the setup of midwifery major in higher vocational and specialized education in China. Methods Colleges and universities setting higher vocational and specialized midwifery majors in 2023 were selected,and information on their majors and colleges and universities was extracted. Additionally,data on geographical areas,the number of permanent residents,the number of births,and the number of regular institutions of higher learning across provinces in 2023 were collected. Descriptive analysis was employed to assess the basic situation of midwifery major in higher vocational and specialized education in China. The current status of midwifery majors in different regions was also analyzed. The Lorenz curve,Gini coefficient,and Theil index were utilized to investigate the regional disparities in the distribution of institutions setting higher vocational and specialized midwifery majors. Results In 2023,there were 282 colleges and universities setting higher vocational and specialized midwifery majors,of which 280(99.3%) provided a three-year program. Two hundred(70.9%) colleges and universities were public institutions,and 259 (91.8%) were higher vocational and specialized colleges. Ninety-three(33.0%) of them were public comprehensive higher vocational and specialized colleges. In 2023,the number of colleges and universities setting midwifery majors per 10 million permanent residents,per 100 000 births,and per 100 000 square kilometers was 2.00,3.13,and 2.93,respectively. The Gini coefficients for the distribution of midwifery majors in higher vocational and specialized education across geographical areas,permanent resident populations,and birth populations were 0.618,0.212,and 0.230,respectively,with total Theil indices of 0.319,0.042,and 0.041. Conclusion The dominant academic program for higher vocational and specialized midwifery is the three-year program,with diverse types of colleges and universities involved. The distribution is highly uneven in terms of geographical area,and the disparities primarily stem from within regions. To enhance the overall academic qualifications of practitioners,it is necessary to actively promote the integration of vocational and general undergraduate education. Moreover,scientific adjustments and optimizations to the professional layout can be achieved by promptly including higher vocational and specialized midwifery majors in nationally controlled vocational majors,establishing and implementing early warning and dynamic adjustment mechanisms for majors.