目的 探讨反例视频结合情境模拟教学在手术室护理实习生无菌操作培训中的应用效果。方法 通过收集整理、查阅资料，归纳实习生无菌操作易错点，并制作反例视频。选取2021年12月—2022年7月手术室74名护理实习生，分为对照组和试验组（各37名）。对照组给予理论授课、观看正向操作视频后再进行操作演示。试验组在对照组干预方法基础上进行情境模拟及观看反例视频。培训结束后评价两组无菌操作理论考核成绩、易错点发生率及教学效果评价，21 d后再次进行理论和临床实境考核。结果 培训后，试验组、对照组无菌操作理论考核成绩分别为（90.11±3.94）（86.29±4.45），21 d后临床实境考核中，试验组、对照组无菌操作理论考核成绩分别为（94.11±1.83）（91.90±1.79），试验组2次理论考核成绩均高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（t=3.847、5.133，P<0.05）。试验组在铺置无菌器械台、无菌持物钳使用、一次性取用无菌物品、取无菌溶液、穿全遮盖式无菌手术衣方面的易错点发生率均低于对照组（P<0.05）；试验组对实习教学效果评价得分高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 反例视频结合情境模拟教学能有效提高手术室护理实习生的无菌操作技术质量，提高其规范操作的依从性。

Objective To explore the application effect of counter-example video combined with scenario simulation teaching in the training of aseptic operation for nursing interns in the operating room. Methods The first step of the study was to collect，sort out the data，and summarize the easy mistakes of aseptic technique to make a counter example video. After that，74 nursing interns practiced in the operating room from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as participants and divided into a control group and an experimental group（37 in each group）. The control group received theoretical lectures，watched positive operation videos，and then demonstrated the operation. On the basis of intervention in the control group，situational simulations and counter-example videos were implemented in the experimental group. After the training，the theoretical assessment results of aseptic technique，the occurrence rate of error prone points and the teaching effect of interns were compared. Besides，the clinical reality assessment was conducted again 21 days later. Results After teaching，the experimental group and the control group scored（90.11±3.94） points，and（86.29±4.45） points in the examination of aseptic technique respectively. In the second assessment of 21 days later，the experimental group and the control group achieved（94.11±1.83） points and（91.90±1.79） points in clinical reality examination respectively. The two examination results of the examination group were higher than that of the control group，with a statistically significant difference（t=3.847，5.133，P<0.05）. The incidence of error prone points in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group in laying sterile instrument tables，using sterile holding forceps，disposable sterile items，taking sterile solutions，and wearing fully covered sterile surgical gowns（P<0.05）. The experimental group scored higher in evaluating the effectiveness of internship teaching than the control group，with a statistically significant difference（P<0.001）. Conclusion Counter-example video combined with situational simulation teaching can effectively improve the technical quality of sterile operation of nursing interns practiced operating room，and helpful in improving the compliance of standardized operation.