目的 编制血液透析患者饮食知信行问卷并进行信效度检验。方法 依据知信行理论，通过文献分析及4名专家焦点访谈，初步拟定问卷条目池；应用德尔菲法对14名专家进行函询，根据专家意见调整问卷内容，形成初稿。采用量表初稿对某医院281例血液透析患者进行调查，进行项目分析、信度检验和探索性因子分析；间隔2周对28例患者进行重测，用数据检验问卷的重测信度。结果 2轮函询问卷回收率均为100%，专家权威系数为0.936，第2轮函询的条目肯德尔协调系数为0.258（P<0.05）。血液透析患者饮食知信行问卷共包括3个维度，34个条目。问卷总体内容效度为0.79；问卷的Cronbach’s α系数为0.868；重测信度为0.845；探索性因子分析共产生9个因子，其中知识维度4个因子（饮食钾摄入、蛋白质能量摄入、容量控制、饮食磷摄入）、态度维度1个因子、行为维度4个因子（饮食控制、饮食监测、烹饪技巧、选择替代调味品），累计方差贡献率为64.214%，每个条目在各因子上的载荷均>0.4。结论 编制的血液透析患者饮食知信行问卷具有良好的信效度，适用于血液透析患者饮食知信行的评估。

Objective To develop and examine the reliability and validation of Dietary Knowledge-Attitude-Practice（KAP） questionnaire for hemodialysis patients. Methods According to the theory of knowledge，belief and practice，the Questionnaire item pool was preliminarily constructed through literature analysis and focus interviews with four experts. Delphi method was applied with consultation of 14 experts. Then，the content of the questionnaire was adjusted according to the experts’ opinions to form the first draft. A total of 281 hemodialysis patients were investigated through the draft scale，and item analysis，reliability test and exploratory factor analysis were carried out afterward. Among the patients，28 of them were tested again with an interval of two weeks，and the retest reliability of the questionnaire was tested through the data. Results The recovery rate of the two rounds of correspondence questionnaire was 100%，the expert authority coefficient was 0.936，and the Kendall coordination coefficient of the items in the second round of correspondence questionnaire was 0.258（P<0.05）. The Dietary KAP Questionnaire for hemodialysis patients included three dimensions of 34 items. The overall content validity of the questionnaire was 0.79. Cronbach’s α coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.868，and the retest reliability was 0.845. A total of nine factors were generated by exploratory factor analysis，among which four factors of knowledge dimension （knowledge related to dietary potassium intake，protein energy intake，volume control，and dietary phosphorus intake），one factor of attitude dimension，and four factors of behavior dimension（dietary control，dietary monitoring，cooking skills，and selection of alternative condiments）. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 64.214%. The load of each item on each factor was >0.4. Conclusion The questionnaire holds good reliability and validity，which can be used to evaluate the dietary KAP of hemodialysis patients.