目的 了解我国老年人疼痛与抑郁症状的现状，并探讨其疼痛部位对抑郁症状的影响。 方法 基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据，获取6 806名老年人一般情况调查表、疼痛相关情况调查表、流调中心用抑郁量表的数据，总结其疼痛与抑郁症状的现状，通过Logistic回归分析疼痛部位对老年人抑郁症状的影响。 结果 受访老年人的疼痛检出率为61.06%，抑郁症状检出率为37.51%。不同性别、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、社交活动、体育锻炼、自理情况、自评健康状况、慢性病数目、是否疼痛、疼痛部位及数量的老年人，其抑郁症状检出率差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，在控制人口学等相关因素后，疼痛部位数目（OR=1.090，95%CI：1.069~1.112）和头痛（OR=1.491，95%CI：1.277~1.741）是老年人抑郁症状发生的独立危险因素。 结论 我国老年人疼痛与抑郁症状的发生情况不容乐观，且疼痛部位数目增加和头痛会增加老年人抑郁症状发生的风险。护士在照护老年疼痛患者时，除缓解其躯体疼痛外，也应关注其心理健康，采取预防性干预措施。

Objective To investigate the status of pain and depressive symptoms in the elderly in China，and to explore the effect of pain sites on depressive symptoms. Methods Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study（CHARLS） in 2018，the data of general situation questionnaire，pain-related situation questionnaire and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale（CESD-10） were obtained from 6 806 elderly people. The current situation of pain and depressive symptoms was summarized，and the influence of pain sites on depressive symptoms in the elderly was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results The incidence rate of pain in the elderly interviewed was 61.06%，and the incidence rate of depressive symptoms in the elderly was 37.51%. Chi-square test showed that older adults with different character suffered different incidence rate of depression symptoms，including gender，smoking，drinking，social activities，physical exercise，self-care status，self-rated health status，the number of chronic diseases，whether there was pain，the number of pain sites，and whether there was pain in each site（P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of pain sites（OR=1.090，95%CI：1.069~1.112） and headache（OR=1.491，95%CI：1.277~1.741） were the risk factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly after controlling the demographic and other relevant factors. Conclusion The incidence of pain and depressive symptoms in the elderly in China is not optimistic. An increased number of pain sites and headaches can increase the risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly. Therefore，when caring for elderly patients with pain，in addition to alleviating their physical pain，nurses should also pay attention to their mental health and take preventive interventions to promote a healthy aging.