目的 总结维持性血液透析患者运动康复的最佳证据,为临床制订相应的运动计划提供依据。方法 依照证据金字塔模型,检索国内外数据库及相关协会网站,检索时限为建库至2022年4月。采用澳大利亚JBI循证中心的评价标准和证据分级系统,对文献进行质量评价,并对提取的证据进行等级划分。 结果 共纳入10篇文献,包括临床决策1篇、指南4篇、推荐实践1篇、系统评价1篇、专家共识3篇。从运动原则、运动评估、运动类型、运动强度、运动频率与时间、运动支持和运动安全7个方面共总结了19条最佳证据。 结论 本研究总结了有关维持性血液透析患者运动康复的最佳证据,医护人员应强化运动康复的意识,评估患者的自身状况与特点,并结合医疗环境和条件、患者和家属意愿等因素进行证据选择,以制订个性化的运动康复计划。

Objective To summarize the best evidence of exercise intervention in maintenance hemodialysis patients,and to provide basis for clinical exercise plans. Methods According to the evidence pyramid model,relevant papers were searched from the national and international databases and the relevant websites from their inception to April 2022. Using the literature evaluation criteria and evidence classification system of JBI Evidence-based Health Care Center in Australia,the quality of the literature was evaluated,and the extracted evidence was graded. Results A total of 10 publications（1 clinical decision,4 guidelines,1 recommended practice,1 systematic review and 3 expert reports） were included. Nineteen pieces of evidence were extracted including exercise principle,exercise assessment,exercise type,exercise intensity,exercise frequency and time,exercise support and exercise safety. Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence of exercise intervention in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Clinical professionals should strengthen the awareness of exercise intervention,evaluate the patients’ situation and characteristics,and select evidences corresponding with medical environment and conditions,patients and their families’ willingness to formulate personalized exercise intervention program.