目的 评价新生儿乳房爬行对促进自然分娩产妇产后泌乳和早期母乳喂养的效果。方法 将2021年2月1日 —5月31日在安徽省某三级甲等医院自然分娩的产妇分为试验组（2月1日—3月31日,n=68）和对照组（4月1日—5月31日,n=62）。试验组实施新生儿乳房爬行,主动寻乳吸吮;对照组实施新生儿被动含乳吸吮。在产后次日晨检测血清泌乳素、雌二醇和孕酮,记录两组的首次母乳喂养时间、泌乳发动时间及泌乳发动延迟情况。结果 在研究过程中,试验组剔除9例,对照组剔除3例,两组的有效样本均为59例。试验组产妇血清泌乳素高于对照组（Z=2.822,P=0.005）,血清雌二醇低于对照组（Z=2.056,P=0.040）,首次母乳喂养时间长于对照组（Z=4.154,P<0.001）,泌乳发动时间早于对照组（Z=2.987,P=0.003）,泌乳发动延迟率低于对照组（ χ²=4.196,P=0.041）。 结论 新生儿乳房爬行对刺激自然分娩产妇产后泌乳和早期母乳喂养有促进作用。

Objective To explore the effects of neonatal breast crawling on postpartum lactation and early breastfeeding among women with natural delivery. Methods Women with natural delivery in a class A hospital of Anhui Province from February 1 to May 31,2021 were divided into experimental group（February 1 to March 31,n=68） and the control group（April 1 to May 31,n=62）. The neonatal breast crawling and actively seeking breast sucking was adopted in the experimental group while passive sucking was used in the control group. Serum prolactin,estradiol and progesterone were detected the next morning after the delivery. The first breastfeeding time,lactation initiation time and delay of lactation initiation were recorded. Results During the study,9 cases were excluded from the experimental group and 3 cases were excluded from the control group,with 59 participants in both groups. The serum PRL concentration in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group （Z=2.822,P=0.005）. The serum E2 was lower than that of the control group（Z=2.056,P=0.040）. The first breastfeeding time was longer than that of the control group（Z=4.154,P<0.001）,the lactation start time was earlier than that of the control group（Z=2.987,P=0.003）,and the lactation start delay rate was lower than that of the control group（ χ²=4.196,P=0.041）. Conclusion The new-born breast crawling can promote postpartum lactation and early breastfeeding.