目的 探讨美国高校护理工程学、护理信息学研究生培养机制及特征,以期为我国护理学交叉专业研究生的培养提供参考。方法 收集美国护理工程学、护理信息学研究生培养机制相关资料,采用内容分析法进行汇总分析。 结果 在培养目标方面,美国高校护理工程学和护理信息学旨在培养运用交叉知识和技能解决临床护理问题的应用创新型人才。在招生方面,护理工程学对理工科素养要求较高,护理信息学更注重护理实践学习和工作经历。在导师设置上,实行多学科联合指导或采用交叉背景师资。在科研训练方面,主要有研讨会、临床实习、实验室轮转和完成毕业课题等以提高学生的研究水平。为激励和促进多学科交叉研究,护理工程学和护理信息学高校均配备交叉研究中心和专业技术人员,并设置交叉学科专项奖励。 结论 美国护理工程学与护理信息学研究生教育旨在培养应用创新型人才,并在培养过程中注重交叉背景师资和研究平台建设,通过奖励机制促进交叉研究与合作的开展,但在此类研究生培养的课程设置和质量评估上仍有待发展。国内护理高校可借鉴其经验,加快推进护理交叉创新型人才培养,满足临床需求。

Objective To analyze the training system and characteristics of graduate education in nursing engineering and nursing informatics in the United States. Methods Data related to postgraduate training system of nursing engineering and nursing informatics were collected and analyzed by content analysis. Results The training objective of nursing engineering and nursing informatics in America cultivates applied and innovative talents who use cross-knowledge and skills to solve clinical practical problems. In terms of the admission,nursing engineering has higher requirements for science and engineering literacy,while nursing informatics prefer the candidates who have learning and working experience in nursing. The students are jointly supervised and guided by multi-disciplinary tutors or cross-background faculties. Seminars,clinical practice,laboratory rotation and completion of graduate projects are included in the scientific research training to improve students’ scientific research level. In order to stimulate and promote interdisciplinary research,nursing engineering and nursing informatics universities are equipped with interdisciplinary research centers and set up special awards. Conclusion The graduate education in nursing engineering and nursing informatics in the United States has had its own training system nowadays. They cultivate practical and creative talents. Cross-background faculty,research platform and special rewards has been set up to promote interdisciplinary research and cooperation. However,the quality of graduate education curriculum and assessment remains to be developed. Nursing colleges and universities in China could learn from the mature experience of foreign countries to accelerate the training of innovative nursing talents to improve the level of nursing education and meet the clinical needs.