目的 了解福建省属三级甲等综合性医院新入职护士的工作压力现况,为新入职护士压力管理提供依据。方法 采用混合方法研究,采用中国护士压力源量表对福州市4所综合性三级甲等医院182名新入职护士进行调查,并对12名新入职护士进行半结构式深入访谈。结果 问卷结果显示,新入职护士压力得分为（2.56±0.31）分,处于中等偏上水平,时间分配及工作量维度得分最高（2.95±0.46）分;不同性别、居住情况、目前所在科室的新入职护士工作压力比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。访谈结果提炼出5个主题,包括工作量和工作责任是新入职护士主要压力源;知识与技能储备不足,影响护士工作信心;工作成就感低,导致护士角色适应困难;压力调节不良,影响护士身心健康及工作状态;同事帮助和社会支持是护士缓解压力的主要支柱。结论 新入职护士在入职早期总体工作压力较大,压力源复杂,护理管理者应积极关注新入职护士的工作压力情况,提供有针对性的干预手段,帮助新入职护士顺利完成角色转变。

Objective To understand the current work pressure of new nurses in Fujian province. Methods A mixed-method study design was adopted. The Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale was used to investigate 182 new nurses in 4 comprehensive tertiary hospitals in Fuzhou. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 new nurses. Results The results of questionnaire survey showed that the pressure score of new nurses was （2.56±0.31）,which was in the upper middle level. The time allocation and workload dimension scores were the highest （2.95±0.46）. The work pressure of new nurses with different genders,living conditions,and departments was different（P<0.05）. Five themes were extracted from the interview data including workload and work responsibilities as the main sources of pressure,insufficient knowledge and unskilled operations that affect work confidence,low job accomplishment leading to maladaptation of the role of nurses,poor pressure regulation affecting physical and mental health and work status,and colleagues’ help and social support as the main resources pressure relieving. Conclusion The overall work pressure of new nurses is relatively high in the early stage of their career,and the pressure source is diverse. Nursing managers should actively pay attention to the work pressure of nurses and provide targeted interventions to help them successfully complete the role transition.