目的 了解护理高职生的自主学习能力现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用一般资料问卷、自主学习能力量表、一般自我效能感量表和中文版评判性思维能力测量表对某高职院校护理专业的1 198名学生进行调查。结果 学生自主学习能力得分为（68.02±8.72）分，自我效能感、评判性思维能力、对护理专业的态度、对就业前景认识、年级和学制进入回归方程，能解释自主学习能力总变异的40.3%。 结论 护理高职生自主学习能力有待提高。学校应积极进行教学改革，注重学生自我效能感和评判性思维能力的培养并营造激发学习兴趣与动机的课堂环境，提高学生的自主学习能力。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of self-learning ability of higher vocational nursing students. Methods A total of 1 198 nursing students were investigated by the general questionnaire,Autonomic Learning Capacity Scale,General Self-efficacy Scale and Chinese version of Critical Thinking Ability Measurement Table in a Higher Vocational college. Results The score of self-learning ability of the nursing students was 68.02±8.72. Self-efficacy,critical thinking,affection for nursing,knowledge of the future career,the year they entered in the college,and educational level all entered into the regression model,which could account for 40.3% of total variance. Conclusion The self-learning ability of nursing students in the higher vocational college needs to be improved. The school should actively carry out teaching reform to establish a training system centered on the training of self-learning ability and pay attention to the training of self-efficacy and critical thinking ability. Classroom environment of arousing the interest and motivation of learning should be created so as to improve the self-learning ability of the nursing students.