专职专科护士角色转换期真实工作体验的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2024.07.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解专职专科护士在角色转换期的真实工作体验。方法采用目的抽样法，选取13名专职专科护士进行半结构式一对一访谈，应用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。结果提炼出专职专科护士角色转换期的5个主题：改变（工作环境的改变、护理结局的改变）、认可（团队的认可、患者的认可）、成长（自主性提升、起到专业引领作用）、激励（自我要求的提高、工作积极性的增加、获得成就感）、挑战（角色的茫然、缺乏指导、能力不足、时间不足）。结论专职专科护士在角色转换期，获得了自身和环境对其认识的转变，取得了积极的效果；同时也面临挑战，需要优化管理方案，以促进专科护士的高质量发展。

关键词: 定性研究, 专职专科护士, 角色转换, 体验

Abstract:

Objective The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experience of specialty nurses with full-time posts during the role transition period. Methods A total of 13 specialty nurses with full-time posts from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were adopted and Colaizzi’s 7-step analysis was used to summarize and extract the topics. Results A total of five themes of the role transition period were extracted：①change，including change of work environment，change of nursing outcomes；②recognition，including recognition of the team，recognition of the patients；③growth，including increased autonomy，played a professional leadership role；④motivation，including increased self-requirement，increased motivation at work，and obtained a sense of achievement；and ⑤challenge，including role confusion，lack of guidance，lack of competence，and lack of time. Conclusion The specialty nurses gained a shift in their understanding of themselves and the environment’s understanding of them during the role transition period，which resulted in positive outcomes. There were also challenges and the need to optimize management programs to promote high quality development of specialty nurses.

Key words: Qualitative Research, Specialty nurses with full-time posts, Role-transitioning, Experience

赵文娟, 张晓菊, 来小彬, 沈志云, 张玉侠. 专职专科护士角色转换期真实工作体验的质性研究[J]. 中华护理教育, 2024, 21(7): 788-793.

ZHAO Wenjuan, ZHANG Xiaoju, LAI Xiaobin, SHEN Zhiyun, ZHANG Yuxia. The lived experience of specialty nurses with full-time posts during their role transitions：a qualitative study[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2024, 21(7): 788-793.

图/表 2

参考文献 15

[1]	郭燕红. 论专科护士发展现状和趋势[J]. 中国护理管理, 2004, 4(4):19-20.
	Guo YH. On the development status and trend of specialist nurses[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2004, 4(4):19-20.
[2]	梁月梅, 黄惠根, 崔虹, 等. 我国医院专科护士岗位管理调查研究[J]. 中国医院管理, 2020, 40(5):76-79.
	Liang YM, Huang HG, Cui H, et al. Investigation on the position management of Chinese hospital specialist nurses[J]. Chin Hosp Manag, 2020, 40(5):76-79.
[3]	张勤娥, 李秋洁, 洪素, 等. 黑龙江省专科护士专职化岗位管理初探[J]. 护理学杂志, 2014, 29(7):10-13.
	Zhang QE, Li QJ, Hong S, et al. A preliminary study on post management of clinical nurse specialist in Heilongjiang Province[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2014, 29(7):10-13.
[4]	成守珍, 陈玉英, 王路英, 等. 专科护士在我国的发展及展望[J]. 中国护理管理, 2021, 21(5):649-652.
	Cheng SZ, Chen YY, Wang LY, et al. Development and future prospects of nurse specialists in China[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2021, 21(5):649-652.
[5]	庄一渝, 冯金娥, 隋伟静. 高级临床专科护士的设立与发展[J]. 中国护理管理, 2021, 21(9):1372-1376.
	Zhuang YY, Feng JE, Sui WJ. Review on the establishment and development of Advanced Practice Nurses[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2021, 21(9):1372-1376.
[6]	高伟, 盛源, 施莉, 等. PICC专科护士角色成长过程的扎根理论研究[J]. 中国护理管理, 2022, 22(4):496-501.
	Gao W, Sheng Y, Shi L, et al. PICC specialist nurses’ role growth process:a grounded theory study[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2022, 22(4):496-501.
[7]	Meleis AI, Sawyer LM, Im EO, et al. Experiencing transitions:an emerging middle-range theory[J]. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 2000, 23(1):12-28. doi: 10.1097/00012272-200009000-00006 pmid: 10970036
[8]	刘明. Colaizzi七个步骤在现象学研究资料分析中的应用[J]. 护理学杂志, 2019, 34(11):90-92.
	Liu M. Using an example to illustrate Colaizzi’s phenomenolog-ical data analysis method[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2019, 34(11):90-92.
[9]	MacLellan L, Levett-Jones T, Higgins I. Nurse practitioner role transition:a concept analysis[J]. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract, 2015, 27(7):389-397. doi: 10.1002/2327-6924.12165 pmid: 25186979
[10]	赵文娟, 来小彬, 张玉侠. 基于倾向性评分匹配法评价岗位设置对专科护士实践水平的影响[J]. 中国护理管理, 2021, 21(10):1534-1539.
	Zhao WJ, Lai XB, Zhang YX. Evaluation of the influence of full-time posts setting on the practice performance of specialist nurses based on Propensity Score Matching[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2021, 21(10):1534-1539.
[11]	章孟星, 周英凤, 钟婕, 等. 妊娠期糖尿病专科护士临床实践现状的质性研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2018, 33(14):67-70.
	Zhang MX, Zhou YF, Zhong J, et al. Qualitative research on the clinical practice of specialist nurses in gestational diabetes mellitus[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2018, 33(14):67-70.
[12]	Owens RA. Nurse practitioner role transition and identity development in rural health care settings:a scoping review[J]. Nurs Educ Perspect, 2019, 40(3):157-161.
[13]	万佳, 夏海鸥. 专科护士工作获得感源泉的质性研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2023, 38(5):82-86,100.
	Wan J, Xia HO. Source of the sense of gain in work among specialist nurses:a qualitative study[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2023, 38(5):82-86,100.
[14]	陈虹秀, 杨莘, 胡秀英, 等. 我国30个省份老年专科护士队伍培养与工作现状调查研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(9):1363-1368. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.09.014
	Chen HX, Yang X, Hu XY, et al. A survey and analysis on current status of the training and work for gerontological nurse specialists in 30 provinces in China[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2021, 56(9):1363-1368. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.09.014
[15]	Barnes H. Exploring the factors that influence nurse practitioner role transition[J]. J Nurse Pract, 2015, 11(2):178-183.