临床护士专业生活品质的系统评价

doi:10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2022.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统评价我国护士的专业生活品质。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、PsycINFO、中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、万方和维普数据库,收集2020年12月前发表的有关护士专业生活品质的文献。根据JBI循证卫生保健中心推荐的横断面研究评价标准对符合纳入标准的文献进行质量评价,使用Stata 16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入横断面研究文献23篇,总样本为10 681名护士。结果显示,护士专业生活品质共情满意、倦怠、二次创伤3个维度得分分别为32.51[95%CI（32.08,32.94）]、25.81[95%CI（25.04, 26.57）]、25.77[95%CI（24.93,26.61）]。亚组分析显示,在共情满意维度,身体健康和工作满意度高的护士共情满意得分更高;在倦怠维度,大专和本科学历（与硕士及以上相比）、离异及其他（与未婚和已婚相比）、身体状况异常和工作满意度低的护士得分更高;二次创伤维度各亚组间差异没有统计学意义。结论我国临床护士的共情满意、倦怠和二次创伤处于中度水平。护理管理者应重视护士身心健康,提升护士工作满意度,提高护士专业生活品质。

关键词: 护士, 专业生活品质, 系统评价

Abstract:

Objective To systematically review the professional quality of life among Chinese nurses. Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,CINHAL,PsycINFO,CNKI,SinoMed,Wanfang and VIP databases were searched to collect articles on nurses’ professional quality of life published before December 2020. The articles that met the inclusion criteria was evaluated according to the evaluation criteria of cross-sectional study recommended by JBI. Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 23 articles involving 10 681 nurses were included. The Meta-analysis showed that scores of compassion satisfaction,burnout,and secondary trauma three dimensions of professional quality of life were 32.51[95%CI（32.08,32.94）],25.81[95%CI（25.04,26.57）], and 25.77[95%CI（24.93,26.61）],respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that in compassion satisfaction dimension,nurses with higher job satisfaction and better health scored higher. For the burnout dimension,nurses with abnormal health and lower job satisfaction scored higher. Compared with those with master degree or above,nurses with associate and bachelor degrees scored higher. Divorced nurses scored higher in burnout dimension than unmarried and married nurses. For the secondary trauma dimension,the differences among groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion The compassion satisfaction,burnout and secondary trauma of clinical nurses in China are at moderate level. Nursing managers should pay more attention to nurses’ physical and mental health,and improve their professional life quality as well as job satisfaction.

Key words: Nurses, Professional quality of life, Systematic review

金曼,王佳琳,曾丽,谢婉青,唐萍,袁中清. 临床护士专业生活品质的系统评价[J]. 中华护理教育, 2022, 19(4): 352-359.

JIN Man,WANG Jia-lin,ZENG Li,XIE Wan-qing,TANG Ping,YUAN Zhong-qing. Professional quality of life among Chinese nurses：a systematic review[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2022, 19(4): 352-359.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

参考文献 35

[1]	Stamm BH. The concise manual for the Professional Quality of Life Scale[EB/OL]. [2021-07-18]. https://proqol.org/uploads/ProQOL_Concise_2ndEd_12-2010.pdf. 2019.
[2]	Joinson C. Coping with compassion fatigue[J]. Nursing, 1992,22(4):116-118.
[3]	Figley CR. Compassion fatigue:psychotherapists’ chronic lack of self care[J]. J Clin Psychol, 2002,58(11):1433-1441.
[4]	仲卫薇, 李春玉. 护士同情心疲乏的研究进展[J]. 中华护理教育, 2015,12(12):939-943.
	Zhong WW, Li CY. Research progress of nurses’ compassion fatigue[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2015,12(12):939-943.
[5]	Kelly L, Runge J, Spencer C. Predictors of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in acute care nurses[J]. J Nurs Scholarsh, 2015,47(6):522-528.
[6]	白一秀. 肿瘤科护士临终关怀态度与专业生活品质的相关性研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学, 2019.
	Bai YX. Study on the correlation between hospice attitude and professional quality of life of oncology nurses[D]. Changchun:Jilin University, 2019.
[7]	田梅梅, 范霖, 施雁, 等. 临床护士共情疲劳的现状及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2018,53(1):76-82.
	Tian MM, Fan L, Shi Y, et al. The Current status and influencing factors of compassion fatigue in clinical nurses[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2018,53(1):76-82.
[8]	周英凤, 顾莺, 胡雁, 等. JBI循证卫生保健中心对关于不同类型研究的质量评价工具:患病率及分析性横断面研究的质量评价[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2018,33(3):219-221.
	Zhou YF, Gu Y, Hu Y, et al. The joanna briggs institute critical appraisal tools for use in systematic review:prevalence study and analytical cross sectional study[J]. J Nurses Train, 2018,33(3):219-221.
[9]	陈华英, 王卫红. 临床护士同情疲劳现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志, 2013,22(5):457-459.
[10]	程纯, 郭惠芳, 邱园新. 儿科护士同情心疲乏现状及其对儿科护理质量的影响[J]. 解放军护理杂志, 2017,34(17):35-38.
	Cheng C, Guo HF, Qiu YX. Current status of compassion fatigue of pediatric nurses and its influence on the quality of neonatal care[J]. Nurs J Chin PLA, 2017,34(17):35-38.
[11]	胡晓莹, 赵允兰, 闵瑰. 临床护士同情心疲乏的相关因素调查[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2013,33(6):857-862.
	Hu XY, Zhao YL, Min G. Survey on related factors of compassion fatigue in clinical nurses[J]. J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ(Med Sci), 2013,33(6):857-862.
[12]	李红梅, 冯晓玲, 李育玲. 临终关怀病房护士共情疲劳及影响因素研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2017,32(18):88-90.
	Li HM, Feng XL, Li YL. Compassion fatigue and associated factors in nurses working in hospice care units[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2017,32(18):88-90.
[13]	李青. 烟台市三级综合医院肿瘤科护士专业生活品质与职业认同现状研究[D]. 济南:山东大学, 2018.
	Li Q. Study on the relationship between professional quality of life and professional identity in oncology nurses of third-grade general hospitals in Yantai city[D]. Jinan:Shandong University, 2018.
[14]	李陶幸子. 临床护士共情疲劳现状及影响因素研究[D]. 开封:河南大学, 2019.
	Li TXZ. Study on the status and influencing factors of clinical nurses’ compassion fatigue[D]. Kaifeng:Henan University, 2019.
[15]	梁江淑渊. 临床护士同情心疲乏现状及与心理资本、人格特质的相关性研究[D]. 沈阳:中国医科大学, 2017.
	Liang JSY. The study on the status of compassion fatigue and its correlation with psychological capital and personality trait among clinical nurses[D]. Shenyang:China Medical University, 2017.
[16]	刘凌云. 肿瘤科护士替代性创伤及其影响因素研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学, 2018.
	Liu LY. Prevalence and predictors of vicarious trauma among oncology nurses:a cross-sectional survey[D]. Changchun:Jilin University, 2018.
[17]	刘明慧, 覃惠英. 210名肿瘤科护士专业生活品质现状及影响因素分析[J]. 护理学报, 2020,27(5):28-34.
	Liu MH, Qin HY. Curent status of professional quality of life among oncology nurses and its influence factors:a 210-case study[J]. J Nurs (China), 2020,27(5):28-34.
[18]	刘巧梅, 王媛媛, 谭开宇, 等. 肿瘤科护士共情疲劳现状及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国护理管理, 2016,16(5):614-619,620.
	Liu QM, Wang YY, Tan KY, et al. Research on compassion fatigue status and influencing factors among nurses in oncology[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2016,16(5):614-619,620.
[19]	罗荣眉, 项旦丹, 阮淑琴, 等. 护士同情心负荷与新生儿护理质量相关性分析[J]. 医院管理论坛, 2017,34(8):42-46.
	Luo RM, Xiang DD, Ruan SQ, et al. Analysis of relationship between the compassion fatigue and the quality of neonatal care in pediatric nurses[J]. Hosp Manag Forum, 2017,34(8):42-46.
[20]	潘金金, 魏丽丽, 孙黎惠, 等. ICU护士专业生活品质与组织支持感的相关性研究[J]. 中国护理管理, 2018,18(9):1208-1212.
	Pan JJ, Wei LL, Sun LH, et al. The relationship between professional quality of life and perceived organizational support among critical care nurses[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2018,18(9):1208-1212.
[21]	田凤娥, 陈霞, 米长爱, 等. 精神病专科医院护士共情疲劳现状及其影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2017,52(6):654-658.
	Tian FG, Chen X, Mi CG, et al. The status of compassion fatigue and its influencing factors among nurses in psychiatric hospitals[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2017,52(6):654-658.
[22]	谢莹莹, 曹姗姗, 王艾红, 等. 肿瘤内科护士共情疲劳与人格特征的相关性研究[J]. 护理学报, 2018,25(21):1-4.
	Xie YY, Cao SS, Wang) (A/YH, et al. Relationship between compassion fatigue and personality traits in oncology nurses[J]. J Nurs(China), 2018,25(21):1-4.
[23]	张倩倩. 儿科护士同情心负荷现状调查及其影响因素的研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学, 2016.
	Zhang QQ. The study on current status of pediatric nurses’ compassion fatigue and its influencing factors[D]. Changchun:Jilin University, 2016.
[24]	赵允兰, 胡晓莹. 护士同情心疲乏的现状及相关因素调查[J]. 医学与哲学, 2013,34(4):75-78.
	Zhao YL, Hu XY. Survey of compassion fatigue for hospital nurse[J]. Med Philos, 2013,34(4):75-78.
[25]	周林霖, 王卫红, 张照莉, 等. 重庆市护士共情疲劳现状及其影响因素探析[J]. 保健医学研究与实践, 2019,16(4):25-31,35.
	Zhou LL, Wang WH, Zhang ZL, et al. Compassion fatigue among nurses in Chongqing:an investigation of the status quo and influencing factors[J]. Health Med Res & Prac, 2019,16(4):25-31,35.
[26]	Hui Z, Dai X, Wang X. Mediating effects of empathy on the association between nursing professional values and professional quality of life in Chinese female nurses:a cross-sectional survey[J]. Nurs Open, 2020,7(1):411-418.
[27]	Wang J, Okoli CTC, He H, et al. Factors associated with compassion satisfaction,burnout,and secondary traumatic stress among Chinese nurses in tertiary hospitals:a cross-sectional study[J]. Int J Nurs Stud, 2020,102:103472.
[28]	Xie W, Wang J, Okoli CTC, et al. Prevalence and factors of compassion fatigue among Chinese psychiatric nurses:a cross-sectional study[J]. Medicine(Baltimore), 2020,99(29):e21083.
[29]	Yu HR, Jiang AL, Shen J. Prevalence and predictors of compas-sion fatigue,burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses:a cross-sectional survey[J]. Int J Nurs Stud, 2016,57:28-38.
[30]	Kelly LA, Lefton C. Effect of meaningful recognition on critical care nurses’ compassion fatigue[J]. Am J Crit Care, 2017,26(6):438-444.
[31]	张萍, 孙晓明, 陈红琢, 等. 甘肃省各级医院临床护士职业认同感及相关因素研究[J]. 卫生职业教育, 2016,34(12):85-87.
	Zhang P, Sun XM, Chen HZ, et al. Study on professional identity and related factors of clinical nurses in hospitals at all levels in Gansu province[J]. Heal Vocat Educ, 2016,34(12):85-87.
[32]	曹晓翼, 陆丽清, 刘晓虹. 专业自我概念在护士职业认同与职业倦怠间的中介效应[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2010,45(11):965-968.
	Cao XY, Lu LQ, Liu XH. The mediating effect of professional self-concept between nurses’ professional identification and job burnout[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2010,45(11):965-968.
[33]	Wijdenes KL, Badger TA, Sheppard KG. Assessing compassion fatigue risk among nurses in a large urban trauma center[J]. J Nurs Adm, 2019,49(1):19-23.
[34]	唐昕辉, 李君春, 耿文秀. 国外工作倦怠观的理论探索[J]. 心理科学, 2005,28(5):1185-1187.
	Tang XH, Li JC, Geng WX. A research of foreign theories about job burnout[J]. Psychol Sci, 2005,28(5):1185-1187.
[35]	Alharbi J, Jackson D, Usher K. Compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. An integrative review of the literature[J]. Saudi Med J, 2019,40(11):1087-1097.